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Solutions for Geography, Class 10, ICSE
Namami Gange Yojna focuses on
abatement of pollution in river Ganga, its conservation and rejuvenation
Reason — The purpose of the Namami Gange Yojna is to conserve, rejuvenate and reduce pollution of river Ganga , which is one of the most important and sacred rivers in India.
Its fibre is 100% bio-degradable and environmentally friendly. It has low pesticide and fertiliser need. It is widely used in agricultural commodity bulk packaging. It is mostly cultivated in the delta region of West Bengal and Bangladesh. Identify the fibre.
jute
Reason — Jute is a 100% biodegradable fibre known for its low environmental impact due to requiring minimal pesticides and fertilizers, and is commonly used for packaging agricultural commodities, particularly in the delta regions of West Bengal and Bangladesh.
Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant [VISL] was started as the Mysore Iron Works on 18 January 1923 by Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and his Diwan Sir M Visvesvaraya. It is now an integrated steel plant under the jurisdiction of the Steel Authority of India Limited.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visvesvaraya_Iron_and_Steel_Plant
With reference to the above explanation, under which category does VISL belong to?
Public Sector Industry
Reason — Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant [VISL] is under the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), which is a government-owned enterprise. Industries owned and operated by the government fall under the Public Sector.
Read the two statements given below and select the correct option.
S1: The state of Maharashtra is emerging as the largest sugar-producing state in India.
S2: The black soil of Maharashtra is more fertile and well-drained.
S2 is a contributing factor to S1.
Reason — Maharashtra is indeed emerging as one of the largest sugar-producing states in India. One of the key reasons for this is the fertile and well-drained black soil found in the region, which is ideal for sugarcane cultivation.
Every year, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra bring millions of tons of silt into the plains of Bangladesh. They carve new courses every year. As a result, islands are created which last until they are washed away by fresh floods. These islands are locally known as chars.
Which of the following is the primary benefit provided by the chars for the local community?
fertile soil for subsistence farming.
Reason — Chars region is suitable for subsistence farming. This is due to the fact that Chars is formed by deposition of alluvial soil by the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra, and is extremely rich in minerals and fertile.
River Rafting is journeying on a torrential river on an inflatable rubber boat. Rivers originating at high altitudes have torrential flow near their source.
Which of the following places would be suitable for river rafting?
Ganga in Rishikesh
Reason — Rishikesh is located in the foothills of the Himalayas where the Ganga River flows with a strong, torrential current, making it ideal for river rafting.
In certain parts of India, glaciers are the main source of water. The people in these areas use an innovative water harvesting technique by diverting glacier streams into small tanks. It is usually done in the evening when the glaciers are relatively melted. Which of these regions could be practising this?
Ladakh region
Reason — Ladakh has high altitude and cold climate with limited rainfall, and glaciers are the primary source of water for irrigation and drinking. The technique of diverting glacier meltwater into small tanks is commonly used there.
See the picture alongside, which depicts an environmental disaster. Identify it.
(Source: www.istockphoto.com )
Soil erosion through landslides.
Reason — Landslides involve the sudden downward movement of large masses of soil, rock, and debris from a mountain or hill slope. When this happens, the top fertile layer of soil is rapidly removed, resulting in severe soil erosion. This not only depletes the soil cover but also damages vegetation and makes the land unfit for agriculture.
The state of Arunachal Pradesh wants to encourage cottage industries in the state. Considering the natural resources and geographical factors of the region such as its high rainfall and temperate climate, which of these crafts is the best option to pursue?
Bamboo and cane craft
Reason — Arunachal Pradesh receives heavy rainfall throughout the year and has humid and temperate climate, which supports the dense growth of bamboo and cane vegetation. Also, the hilly terrain and forest cover provide ideal conditions for bamboo-based industries that require little land and minimal infrastructure.
Shown below is the census report on improvement in the housing areas, household amenities and assets in Assam from 2001 to 2011. Based on the given data, answer the below question:
In 2011, the rural households in Assam mostly used one of the following sources of energy for cooking. Identify it.
Firewood
Reason — According to the data given in the report, 89% of rural Assam population used firewood/crop residue, cow dung cake, or coal as their source of energy for cooking in 2011.
Shown below is the census report on improvement in the housing areas, household amenities and assets in Assam from 2001 to 2011. Based on the given data, answer the below question:
Which of the following modes of transport dominated rural and urban Assam in 2011?
Bicycles
Reason — According to the data given in the report, 55% of overall Assam population (both Rural and Urban) have bicycles.
Assertion: The government of India is promoting and planning to set up more mini-steel plants in India.
Reason: Mini-steel plants are dependent on electric power, so they do not cause pollution.
Based on the given Assertion and Reasoning, select the correct option:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Explanation — Mini-steel plants are dependent on electric power, so they do not cause much pollution. Also, they operate on scrap iron which is easily available and do not require heavy investments. That's why the government of India is promoting and planning to set up more mini-steel plants in India.
The Prime Minister of India inaugurated the newly constructed road between Bangalore and Mysore on March 12, 2023. It is 119 km long, 10 lanes, elevated, access-controlled road. This road is meant to facilitate fast-moving traffic between Bangalore and Mysore.
Under which of the following categories does this road belong?
Expressway
Reason — The newly constructed Bangalore–Mysore road is a 10-lane, access-controlled, elevated road, designed for high-speed, fast-moving traffic, which are key characteristics of an expressway.
Assertion: Helicopters are extensively used for rescue operations during natural calamities.
Reason: Helicopters can hover, land in tight spaces, and conduct vertical take-offs and landings.
Based on the given Assertion and Reasoning, select the correct option:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Explanation — Helicopters are extensively used for rescue operations during natural calamities as they can hover, land in tight spaces, and conduct vertical take-offs and landings.
