Major Agencies of the United Nations

(A) and (R) are independent of each other.

Explanation — The United Nations Children’s Fund’s (UNICEF) main objective is to look after children’s welfare, especially in developing countries. This involves a wide range of activities, including education, healthcare, nutrition, and emergency relief. UNICEF partnering with the Indian government in the rural water supply programme is one of the many ways UNICEF works to improve children’s welfare.

(A) is true but (R) is false.

Explanation — WHO did not develop a vaccine to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic.

(A) and (R) are independent of each other.

Explanation — One of UNESCO’s functions is to identify monuments in different parts of the world and declare them as World Heritage site.

(R) is the reason for (A)

Explanation — UNESCO provide grants to organizations for the development of library systems and the promotion of international understanding through education. This includes providing financial and technical assistance to establish libraries, such as the Delhi Public Library.

(A) and (R) are independent of each other

Explanation — Both the statements are two different functions of UNESCO.

36

New York, USA

All of the above

Children's welfare

April 7

Geneva, Switzerland

Malaria

London

Paris

Education

Research of Mythology

UNICEF

Delhi Public Library

Kathak

UNICEF

(a) The picture shows the emblem of World Health Organization. The headquarters of WHO are at Geneva in Switzerland. The World Health Organization (WHO) gets its funding from two main sources:

1. Assessed Contributions: These are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country’s wealth and population.
2. Voluntary Contributions: These come from Member States (in addition to their assessed contribution) or from other partners. In recent years, voluntary contributions have accounted for more than three quarters of the Organization’s financing.

(b) The main objective of WHO is the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all people. 'Health' in terms of WHO covers complete well being of an individual.

Two functions of WHO are as follows:

1. It helps countries to improve their health system by building up infrastructure especially manpower, institutions and services for the individual and community.
2. It gives important drugs needed for medical care. The WHO launched a programme to immunise children against six major diseases—Measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio and Whooping Cough.

(c) Two achievements of World health organisation are:

1. Development of an Ebola vaccine.
2. A decline of 40 percent in the number of deaths from Tuberculosis.

(a) The picture shows the emblem of UNICEF.

(b) Three functions of UNICEF are as follows-

1. It works for the protection of children in respect of their survival, health, and well-being.
2. It provides funds for training personnel, including health and sanitation workers, teachers and nutritionists. Universal Child Immunisation against preventable diseases was one of the leading goals of UNICEF.
3. It assists governments to plan, develop and extend community-based services in the fields of maternal and child health, nutrition, clean water and sanitation.

(c) Two programmes of this organisation in India are:

1. Community Development Programme has been started in the rural areas of India with UNICEF's assistance, aimed at maternal and child health.
2. The National Mission on Immunization was launched by government of India in collaboration with UNICEF.

The full form of WHO is World Health Organization and the full form of UNICEF is United Nations Children's Fund.

WHO and UNICEF especially work in developing countries.

UNICEF looks after the interest of the children in the world.

Its original purpose was to help the emergency needs of children in post-war Europe.

For financing its projects, the UNICEF depends on voluntary contributions made by different Governments, donations made by private agencies, sale of greeting cards and through various fund-raising campaigns. Sale of UNICEF cards is an important source of income. Worldwide sale of these cards generates funds of more than $100 million, all of which is spent on programmes to benefit children.

The UNICEF has its headquarters in New York.

Two preventable diseases against which UNICEF organises its programmes are Malaria and Tuberculosis.

Some of the UNICEF programmes followed in India are:

1. The National Mission on Immunisation
2. The National Mission for Drinking Water
3. The National Literacy Mission.

As the sole agency for children, it speaks on behalf of children and upholds the Convention on the Rights of the Child and works for its implementation.

UNICEF has been the driving force in almost all the programmes started by the government of India for providing people with low cost community-based services in maternal and child health, nutrition, clean drinking water, sanitation and immunisation.

UNESCO was established with the objective of contributing to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication. This is undertaken to further respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights for all human beings.

The headquarters of the UNESCO are in Paris.

(a) The expanded form of UNESCO is United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization. Two functions of UNESCO in the field of education are-

1. Removal of illiteracy by encouragement to adult education, distance-education and the open school system.
2. Emphasis on education of women and girls.

(b) Three vital roles that the WHO plays in combating diseases are as follows:

1. It gives important drugs needed for medical care. The WHO launched a programme to immunise children against six major diseases — Measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio and Whooping Cough.
2. It promotes research to cure and prevent diseases.
3. It defines standards for the strength and purity of medicines including biological products:

(c) Two functions of the UNICEF are as follows:

1. It works for the protection of children in respect of their survival, health, and well-being. This is done in cooperation with individuals, civic groups, governments and the private sector.
2. It provides funds for training personnel, including health and sanitation workers, teachers and nutritionists. Universal Child Immunisation against preventable diseases was one of the leading goals of UNICEF.

(a) The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication. This is undertaken to further respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights for all human beings.

(b) Promotion of education, scientific spirit and enriching culture help in spreading peace and harmony in the world in the following ways:

1. Education provides people with knowledge and inspires them to make a better world.
2. Education results in increased economic growth and stability.
3. It is also an instrument for promoting international understanding and peace.
4. Sciences helps humans to always question superstitions.
5. It teaches not to follow any custom or practice blindly.
6. Social Sciences focus attention on combating all forms of discrimination.
7. Culture enriches the lives of individuals.
8. It makes people appreciate variety of customs and traditions and make them tolerant.
9. UNESCO works towards the cultural development through the medium of fine arts. It sends cultural missions to various countries.
10. This helps in promoting peace and prosperity

(c) UNESCO encourages modernisation without the loss of cultural identity and diversity.

1. UNESCO provides technical advice and assistance, equipment and funds for the preservation of monuments and other works of art. It has prepared a World Heritage List to identify the monuments and sites which are to be protected.
2. It aims to protect the world inheritance of books, works of art and rare manuscripts.
3. It gives encouragement to artistic creations in literature and fine arts.
4. It pays attention towards the cultural development through the medium of films.
5. It sends cultural missions to different countries so that there would be development of contacts which may promote peace and prosperity. In the past it has provided travel grants to writers and artists under a project named Mutual Appreciation of Eastern and Western Cultural Values. Under this scheme, India's talented exponents of classical music and dance travelled to Europe and America.

Yes, the major agencies of the United Nations have lived up to the agenda for which they were created because of the following reasons:

1. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has made immense contributions towards world health. It helped eradicate Smallpox, Polio is near eradication, developed an Ebola vaccine, played a significant role in combating the COVID-19 crisis and so on.
2. The efforts of the UNICEF helped save the lives of more than 90 million children across the world.
3. UNESCO preserves 1073 World Heritage Sites in 167 countries. It finances engineering and technology schemes in a number of developing countries and promotes research in the fields of geology, mathematics, physics and oceanography.

I would like to work for the UNICEF because I am very much inspired by its mission to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential.
The younger generation is very important for every country as they play a critical role in nation building and the progress of the country and in turn the whole world. I think providing a conducive atmosphere for development of children is the single most important thing that developing countries like ours should focus on.
As UNICEF works to look after children's welfare especially in developing countries so I would like to be a part of UNICEF and make my contributions to make the world a better place.