Disease and Hygiene
Solutions for Biology, Class 6, ICSE
Fill In The Blanks
1 questionFill in the blanks by selecting suitable words given below:
(goitre, insulin, rickets, iron, proteins)
- Anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of ...............
- Deficiency of Vit.D causes ............... in children.
- Deficiency of iodine in the diet may cause ...............
- Kwashiorkor is caused due to the deficiency of ...............
Answer:
- Iron
- Rickets
- Goitre
- Proteins
Fill In The Blanks In The Following Table
1 questionFill in the blanks in the following table:
Vitamin | Name of the deficiency diseases | Source of vitamin |
---|---|---|
(a) Vitamin A | ............... | ............... |
(b) ............... | Beri-Beri | ............... |
(c) Ascorbic acid | ............... | ............... |
(d) ............... | Rickets (in childhood) bones turn soft | ............... |
Answer:
Vitamin | Name of the deficiency diseases | Source of vitamin |
---|---|---|
(a) Vitamin A | Nightblindness, drying of cornea | Carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, fish, milk. |
(b) Vitamin B1 | Beri-beri | Whole grains, eggs, nuts, legumes, yeast. |
(c) Ascorbic acid | Scurvy (bleeding gums) | Citrus fruits, tomatoes, germinating seeds. |
(d) Vitamin D | Rickets (in childhood) bones turn soft | Egg yolk, fish liver oil, sunlight, milk, butter. |
Find The Odd One Out
1 questionAnswer:
(a) Jaundice
Reason — Jaundice is caused by a virus while others are bacterial diseases.
(b) Malaria
Reason — Malaria is caused by a protozoan while others are viral diseases.
(c) Polio
Reason — Polio is a viral disease while others are vitamin deficiency diseases.
(d) Cancer
Reason — Cancer is a disease while others are food components.
Long Answer Questions
7 questionsAnswer:
Indirect method of transmission of communicable disease are:
- From items used by the infected person — Touching and sharing items like towels, handkerchiefs, combs, utensils, etc. of an infected person may spread the disease to a healthy person.
- Contaminated food and water — Houseflies carry germs from garbage and sewage and deposit them on food. Contamination of drinking water even with little amount of faeces or dung can cause a number of diseases.
- Droplets through air — The droplets coming out when a person infected with common cold, TB, etc. sneezes or coughs, transmit the disease causing germs through the air spreading the disease to more people.
- Vectors or carriers — Houseflies, mosquitoes, rodents, etc. also carry disease causing germs.
Answer:
Three ways to keep the environment clean are:
- Maintain a clean environment to prevent the spreading of diseases due to the breeding of mosquitoes, houseflies and pathogens.
- Garbage should be kept in covered bins so that flies do not breed on it.
- There should be proper sewer lines connected to sewage treatment plants.
Answer:
Differences between Elephantiasis and Malaria on the basis of the mode of transmission:
Elephantiasis | Malaria |
---|---|
Elephantiasis spreads by the bite of female Culex mosquito. | Malaria spreads by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito. |
Answer:
Differences between Jaundice and Tuberculosis on the basis of the affected organs:
Jaundice | Tuberculosis |
---|---|
Jaundice primarily affects the liver. It causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. | Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, although other parts of the body may also be affected. |
Answer:
Differences between Rickets and Smallpox on the basis of the characteristic symptoms:
Rickets | Smallpox |
---|---|
Rickets primarily affects bone development. Bones turn soft due to which children may have bow-shaped limbs. | Smallpox is a serious disease which is marked by small pustules all over the body. |
Answer:
Differences between Metabolic diseases and Mental illness on the basis of the one example of each:
Metabolic diseases | Mental illness |
---|---|
One example of Metabolic diseases is Diabetes. | One example of Mental illness is Depression. |
Match The Following
1 questionAnswer:
Column A | Column B |
---|---|
(i) Cancer | (d) Leukemia |
(ii) Allergies | (a) Asthma |
(iii) Hydrophobia | (e) Rabies |
(iv) Physical agent | (b) Sunburn |
(v) Chemical agent | (c) Lead poisoning |
Multiple Choice Questions
15 questionsAnswer:
Night blindness
Reason — Night blindness is caused by deficiency of Vitamin A. Sources of Vitamin A are carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, fish.
Answer:
Bleeding gums
Reason — Scurvy is caused by a severe lack of Vitamin C, which is crucial for healthy gums. This deficiency leads to swollen, bleeding gums.
Short Answer Questions
16 questionsName the following:
- A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water.
- A disease caused due to Plasmodium.
- A disease caused due to the bite of female Culex mosquito.
- A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog.
- Two diseases caused due to the deficiency of protein in the diet of a child.
- Any three water-borne disease.
- Two common eye infections
- Two stimulants harmful for human consumption
- Two diseases that are spread via contaminated food and water
- Two diseases caused by protozoans
- Two communicable diseases
Answer:
- Cholera
- Malaria
- Elephantiasis
- Rabies/Hydrophobia
- Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
- Typhoid, Cholera, Jaundice
- Trachoma and Conjunctivitis
- Tobacco and Alcohol
- Typhoid and Cholera
- Malaria and Amoebiasis
- Viral fever and Chicken pox
Answer:
- Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
- Tetanus
- Cholera
- Amoebiasis
- Malaria
Answer:
Two examples of Metabolic diseases are — diabetes, and kidney stones.
Two examples of Genetic diseases are — Haemophilia, and thalassemia.
Two examples of Allergies are — Hay fever and Asthma.
Two examples of Dietary deficiency diseases are — Beri-Beri and Scurvy.
Two examples of Cancer are — Breast cancer, and Leukemia.
Write 'True' and 'False' against each of the following statements :
- Malaria is an infectious disease.
- Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A.
- Viruses carry germs from garbage and sewage.
- Filarial germs are transmitted by the bite of female Culex mosquito.
- Nightblindness is the disease in which people are not able to see at night even if light is available.
Answer:
True
Reason — Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan transmitted by mosquito bites, making it an infectious disease.False
Reason — Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin D.False
Reason — Houseflies, not viruses carry germs from garbage and sewage. Viruses infect cells and replicate within them.True
Reason — Filarial germs are transmitted by the bite of female Culex mosquito.True
Reason — Nightblindness is the Vitamin A deficiency disease in which people are not able to see at night even if light is available.
Answer:
Health — Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.
Disease — Any physical or functional change in the body from a normal state which causes discomfort or disability is called a disease.
Pathogen — Pathogens are disease-causing germs (microorganisms) that have the potential to cause infectious diseases. For example, viruses, bacteria, protozoans etc.
Allergen — Allergens are substances that can trigger an unpredictable allergic reaction in individuals.
Hygiene — Hygiene is defined as science and practice of maintaining good health.
Answer:
Disease — Any physical or functional change in the body from a normal state which causes discomfort or disability is called a disease. Disease is a departure from normal health through structural or functional disorder of the body.
Pathogen — Micro-organisms which cause communicable diseases are called pathogens. These germs are transmitted through various agencies like air, insect bites, rodent, contaminated food or water, etc. Pathogens may be different kinds of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa or worms.
Allergy — Allergy is an unpredictable reaction of the body to a particular substance called allergen. A few common allergens are dust, spores, pollens, certain clothes, particular medicines, cosmetics, etc. Asthma, Eczema, Diarrhoea, Vomiting, Nausea, etc. are some of the common allergic reactions.
Answer:
The diseases which are caused either due to improper functioning of the body organs or due to the deficiency of certain minerals and vitamins in the body are known as non-communicable diseases. These diseases are not caused by any germ, therefore these diseases cannot spread from one person to another (i.e., they are non-transmissible). Examples — rickets, diabetes, heart diseases, etc.
Answer:
Dirt and many disease causing pathogens get accumulated under the nails. It is difficult to remove them even if we wash our hands frequently. Biting nails may cause these pathogens to enter into our body through our mouth causing various diseases. Hence, biting nails should be strictly avoided.
Answer:
Regular exercise keeps the body muscles active. It helps in the normal functioning of the heart and lungs and also in better circulation of blood. Proper rest helps the body repair, regenerate and recover.
Answer:
Fast foods are rich in fats and carbohydrates and deficient in vitamins. Eating more fast foods results in the accumulation of fat in the body of children making them suffer from obesity.
Answer:
We can control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using repellents, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoiding stagnation of water and covering all the drains prevent breeding of mosquitoes.
Answer:
Maintaining public hygiene prevents the spread of communicable diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Cholera, Diarrhoea, etc. Maintaining a clean environment controls the breeding of mosquitoes, houseflies and other pathogens. Hence, public hygiene is equally important as personal hygiene for good health and preventing diseases.
Given below is a crossword puzzle. Read the clues across and clues down, and fill up the blank squares. Check your performance with the correct solutions given at the end of the chapter.

Clues down
1. Germs or germ - substances introduced into the body to prevent occurrence of an infectious disease.
2. A disease caused by an infected dog that affects the central nervous system.
3. A disease in which the eyes, the skin and the urine turn yellow.
4. The disease pertussis is popularly known as whooping ...............
Clues across
1. Category of pathogen that causes diseases like common cold and mumps.
5. This is the vaccine for preventing tuberculosis.
6. An organ usually affected by tuberculosis.
7. Jumbled spelling of one of the most common insect which visits our exposed foods and contaminates them.
8. Cover this part of your body by a handkerchief while sneezing to prevent droplet infection to others.
9. These may readily grow in your hair, if you do not wash it regularly.
10. A disease that weakens body's defence system against infections.
Answer:
The solved cross word puzzle is shown below:
