Disease and Hygiene

Solutions for Biology, Class 6, ICSE

Fill In The Blanks

1 question

Question 1

Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words given below:

(goitre, insulin, rickets, iron, proteins)

  1. Anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of ...............
  2. Deficiency of Vit.D causes ............... in children.
  3. Deficiency of iodine in the diet may cause ...............
  4. Kwashiorkor is caused due to the deficiency of ...............
Fill In The Blanks

Answer:

  1. Iron
  2. Rickets
  3. Goitre
  4. Proteins

Fill In The Blanks In The Following Table

1 question

Question 1

Fill in the blanks in the following table:

VitaminName of the deficiency diseasesSource of vitamin
(a) Vitamin A..............................
(b) ...............Beri-Beri...............
(c) Ascorbic acid..............................
(d) ...............Rickets (in childhood) bones turn soft...............
Fill In The Blanks In The Following Table

Answer:

VitaminName of the
deficiency diseases
Source of vitamin
(a) Vitamin ANightblindness, drying of corneaCarrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, fish, milk.
(b) Vitamin B1Beri-beriWhole grains, eggs, nuts, legumes, yeast.
(c) Ascorbic acidScurvy
(bleeding gums)
Citrus fruits, tomatoes, germinating seeds.
(d) Vitamin DRickets (in childhood)
bones turn soft
Egg yolk, fish liver oil, sunlight, milk, butter.

Find The Odd One Out

1 question

Question 1

Find the odd one out:

  1. Typhoid, cholera, jaundice, tuberculosis, tetanus.
  2. Cold, malaria, measles, mumps.
  3. Scurvy, rickets, polio, pellagra, nightblindness.
  4. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, cancer.
Find The Odd One Out

Answer:

(a) Jaundice
Reason — Jaundice is caused by a virus while others are bacterial diseases.

(b) Malaria
Reason — Malaria is caused by a protozoan while others are viral diseases.

(c) Polio
Reason — Polio is a viral disease while others are vitamin deficiency diseases.

(d) Cancer
Reason — Cancer is a disease while others are food components.

Long Answer Questions

7 questions

Question 1

Describe the ways in which communicable diseases are transmitted through various indirect methods.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Indirect method of transmission of communicable disease are:

  1. From items used by the infected person — Touching and sharing items like towels, handkerchiefs, combs, utensils, etc. of an infected person may spread the disease to a healthy person.
  2. Contaminated food and water — Houseflies carry germs from garbage and sewage and deposit them on food. Contamination of drinking water even with little amount of faeces or dung can cause a number of diseases.
  3. Droplets through air — The droplets coming out when a person infected with common cold, TB, etc. sneezes or coughs, transmit the disease causing germs through the air spreading the disease to more people.
  4. Vectors or carriers — Houseflies, mosquitoes, rodents, etc. also carry disease causing germs.

Question 2

List 3 ways by which you should keep your environment clean.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Three ways to keep the environment clean are:

  1. Maintain a clean environment to prevent the spreading of diseases due to the breeding of mosquitoes, houseflies and pathogens.
  2. Garbage should be kept in covered bins so that flies do not breed on it.
  3. There should be proper sewer lines connected to sewage treatment plants.

Question 3(i)

Distinguish between Elephantiasis and Malaria on the basis of the mode of transmission.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Differences between Elephantiasis and Malaria on the basis of the mode of transmission:

ElephantiasisMalaria
Elephantiasis spreads by the bite of female Culex mosquito.Malaria spreads by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito.

Question 3(ii)

Distinguish between Jaundice and Tuberculosis on the basis of the affected organs.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Differences between Jaundice and Tuberculosis on the basis of the affected organs:

JaundiceTuberculosis
Jaundice primarily affects the liver. It causes yellowing of the skin and eyes.Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, although other parts of the body may also be affected.

Question 3(iii)

Distinguish between Rickets and Smallpox on the basis of the characteristic symptoms.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Differences between Rickets and Smallpox on the basis of the characteristic symptoms:

RicketsSmallpox
Rickets primarily affects bone development. Bones turn soft due to which children may have bow-shaped limbs.Smallpox is a serious disease which is marked by small pustules all over the body.

Question 3(iv)

Distinguish between Anaemia and Goitre on the basis of the deficient mineral.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Differences between Anaemia and Goitre on the basis of the deficient mineral:

AnaemiaGoitre
Anaemia is caused by deficiency of Iron.Goitre is caused by deficiency of Iodine.

Question 3(v)

Distinguish between Metabolic diseases and Mental illness on the basis of the one example of each.

Long Answer Questions

Answer:

Differences between Metabolic diseases and Mental illness on the basis of the one example of each:

Metabolic diseasesMental illness
One example of Metabolic diseases is Diabetes.One example of Mental illness is Depression.

Match The Following

1 question

Question 1

Match the terms given in column A with those of column B :

Column AColumn B
(i) Cancer(a) Asthma
(ii) Allergies(b) Sunburn
(iii) Hydrophobia(c) Lead poisoning
(iv) Physical agent(d) Leukemia
(v) Chemical agent(e) Rabies
Match The Following

Answer:

Column AColumn B
(i) Cancer(d) Leukemia
(ii) Allergies(a) Asthma
(iii) Hydrophobia(e) Rabies
(iv) Physical agent(b) Sunburn
(v) Chemical agent(c) Lead poisoning

Multiple Choice Questions

15 questions

Question 1

Malaria is caused by

  1. Bacteria
  2. Protozoan
  3. Fungi
  4. virus
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Protozoan

Reason — Malaria is caused by protozoan Plasmodium which enters the human body through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito.

Question 2

Deficiency of vitamin C causes

  1. Night blindness
  2. Scurvy
  3. Anaemia
  4. Polio
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Scurvy

Reason — Deficiency of vitamin C causes Scurvy (swollen bleeding gums).

Question 3

Hay fever and asthma are

  1. Deficiency diseases
  2. Genetic diseases
  3. Organic diseases
  4. Allergic diseases
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Allergic diseases

Reason — Hay fever and asthma are Allergic disease because both disease are caused by unpredictable reaction of the body to a particular substance.

Question 4

Which one of the following is a genetic disease?

  1. Scurvy
  2. Leukemia
  3. Goitre
  4. Haemophilia
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Haemophilia

Reason — Haemophilia is a genetic disease because it is inherited from parent to child.

Question 5

Which one of the following is a degenerative disease?

  1. Thalassemia
  2. Beri-beri
  3. Cataract
  4. Diabetes
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Cataract

Reason — Cataract is a degenerative disease because it is a age related eye disease which affects older person.

Question 6

Pellagra is caused by the deficiency of

  1. Vit. B3
  2. Vit. B1
  3. Vit. C
  4. Vit. D
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Vit. B3

Reason — Pellagra is caused by the deficiency of Vit. B3 (Niacin).

Question 7

Deficiency of Iodine in one's food can cause

  1. Beri-beri
  2. Goitre
  3. Scurvy
  4. Pellagra
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Goitre

Reason — Deficiency of Iodine causes Goitre.

Question 8

Which one of the following vitamin deficiency diseases can be cured by eating a diet which includes carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter milk,fish?

  1. Beri-beri
  2. Dermatitis
  3. Night blindness
  4. Scurvy
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Night blindness

Reason — Night blindness is caused by deficiency of Vitamin A. Sources of Vitamin A are carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, fish.

Question 9

Which one of the following is a communicable disease?

  1. Measles
  2. Cancer
  3. Heart stroke
  4. Allergy
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Measles

Reason — Measles is a communicable disease because it is spread by direct contact with an infected person.

Question 10

The infamous COVID-19 was a contagious disease spread by :

  1. Bacteria
  2. Protozoa
  3. Viruses
  4. Worms
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Viruses

Reason — The contagious disease COVID-19 was spread by viruses.

Question 11

Which of the following is a lung disease caused by bacteria ?

  1. Rabies
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Malaria
  4. Cholera
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Pneumonia

Reason — Pneumonia is a disease of the lungs caused by a bacteria.

Question 12

Kwashiorkor disease is caused due to the deficiency of :

  1. Proteins
  2. Proteins and fats
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Carbohydrates and proteins
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Proteins

Reason — Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition primarily caused by a lack of protein in the diet.

Question 13

Which of the following is a specific symptom of the disease long dash scurvy ?

  1. Skin inflammation
  2. Bleeding gums
  3. Drying of cornea
  4. Bones turning soft
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Bleeding gums

Reason — Scurvy is caused by a severe lack of Vitamin C, which is crucial for healthy gums. This deficiency leads to swollen, bleeding gums.

Question 14

Swelling in the neck is a symptom of :

  1. Anaemia
  2. Mumps
  3. Goitre
  4. Rabies
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Goitre

Reason — Goitre is caused due to deficiency of Iodine.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a disease spread by the bite of a mosquito ?

  1. Dengue
  2. Typhoid
  3. Elephantiasis
  4. Malaria
Multiple Choice Questions

Answer:

Typhoid

Reason — Typhoid is a bacterial infection spread through contaminated food and water, not mosquito bites. Its symptoms are continuous fever.

Short Answer Questions

16 questions

Question 1

Name the following:

  1. A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water.
  2. A disease caused due to Plasmodium.
  3. A disease caused due to the bite of female Culex mosquito.
  4. A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog.
  5. Two diseases caused due to the deficiency of protein in the diet of a child.
  6. Any three water-borne disease.
  7. Two common eye infections
  8. Two stimulants harmful for human consumption
  9. Two diseases that are spread via contaminated food and water
  10. Two diseases caused by protozoans
  11. Two communicable diseases
Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. Cholera
  2. Malaria
  3. Elephantiasis
  4. Rabies/Hydrophobia
  5. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
  6. Typhoid, Cholera, Jaundice
  7. Trachoma and Conjunctivitis
  8. Tobacco and Alcohol
  9. Typhoid and Cholera
  10. Malaria and Amoebiasis
  11. Viral fever and Chicken pox

Question 2

Write the technical names of the following vitamins :

  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin B1
  3. Vitamin B3
  4. Vitamin C
  5. Vitamin D
Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. Vitamin A — Retinol
  2. Vitamin B1 — Thiamine
  3. Vitamin B3 — Niacin
  4. Vitamin C — Ascorbic acid
  5. Vitamin D — Calciferol

Question 3

Identify the disease with the help of the clues given below :

  1. Highly swollen legs
  2. Locked jaws due to painful contractions of the jaw and neck muscles
  3. Vomiting and watery stools
  4. Diarrhoea, stool mixed with mucus and blood
  5. Chills, high temperature, profuse sweating.
Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
  2. Tetanus
  3. Cholera
  4. Amoebiasis
  5. Malaria

Question 4

Give two examples of each :

  1. Metabolic diseases
  2. Genetic diseases
  3. Allergies
  4. Dietary deficiency diseases
  5. Cancer
Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. Two examples of Metabolic diseases are — diabetes, and kidney stones.

  2. Two examples of Genetic diseases are — Haemophilia, and thalassemia.

  3. Two examples of Allergies are — Hay fever and Asthma.

  4. Two examples of Dietary deficiency diseases are — Beri-Beri and Scurvy.

  5. Two examples of Cancer are — Breast cancer, and Leukemia.

Question 5

Write 'True' and 'False' against each of the following statements :

  1. Malaria is an infectious disease.
  2. Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A.
  3. Viruses carry germs from garbage and sewage.
  4. Filarial germs are transmitted by the bite of female Culex mosquito.
  5. Nightblindness is the disease in which people are not able to see at night even if light is available.
Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. True
    Reason — Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan transmitted by mosquito bites, making it an infectious disease.

  2. False
    Reason — Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin D.

  3. False
    Reason — Houseflies, not viruses carry germs from garbage and sewage. Viruses infect cells and replicate within them.

  4. True
    Reason — Filarial germs are transmitted by the bite of female Culex mosquito.

  5. True
    Reason — Nightblindness is the Vitamin A deficiency disease in which people are not able to see at night even if light is available.

Question 6

Define the terms given below :

  1. Health
  2. Disease
  3. Pathogen
  4. Allergen
  5. Hygiene
Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. Health — Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.

  2. Disease — Any physical or functional change in the body from a normal state which causes discomfort or disability is called a disease.

  3. Pathogen — Pathogens are disease-causing germs (microorganisms) that have the potential to cause infectious diseases. For example, viruses, bacteria, protozoans etc.

  4. Allergen — Allergens are substances that can trigger an unpredictable allergic reaction in individuals.

  5. Hygiene — Hygiene is defined as science and practice of maintaining good health.

Question 7

Write short notes (1-2 sentences) on each of the following:

  1. Disease

  2. Pathogen

  3. Allergy

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

  1. Disease — Any physical or functional change in the body from a normal state which causes discomfort or disability is called a disease. Disease is a departure from normal health through structural or functional disorder of the body.

  2. Pathogen — Micro-organisms which cause communicable diseases are called pathogens. These germs are transmitted through various agencies like air, insect bites, rodent, contaminated food or water, etc. Pathogens may be different kinds of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa or worms.

  3. Allergy — Allergy is an unpredictable reaction of the body to a particular substance called allergen. A few common allergens are dust, spores, pollens, certain clothes, particular medicines, cosmetics, etc. Asthma, Eczema, Diarrhoea, Vomiting, Nausea, etc. are some of the common allergic reactions.

Question 8(a)

What is a non-communicable disease?

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

The diseases which are caused either due to improper functioning of the body organs or due to the deficiency of certain minerals and vitamins in the body are known as non-communicable diseases. These diseases are not caused by any germ, therefore these diseases cannot spread from one person to another (i.e., they are non-transmissible). Examples — rickets, diabetes, heart diseases, etc.

Question 8(b)

What is a deficiency disease?

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

A disease which is caused due to the deficiency of certain nutrients, vitamins and minerals in the diet is called a deficiency disease. Example - Anaemia, Goitre.

Question 8(c)

What are communicable diseases?

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

The diseases that can easily spread from an infected person to a healthy person through disease causing germs called pathogens are called communicable diseases.

Question 8(d)

Biting nails should be strictly avoided. Give reason.

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

Dirt and many disease causing pathogens get accumulated under the nails. It is difficult to remove them even if we wash our hands frequently. Biting nails may cause these pathogens to enter into our body through our mouth causing various diseases. Hence, biting nails should be strictly avoided.

Question 8(e)

Regular exercise and proper rest is a must. Give reason.

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

Regular exercise keeps the body muscles active. It helps in the normal functioning of the heart and lungs and also in better circulation of blood. Proper rest helps the body repair, regenerate and recover.

Question 8(f)

Children eating more fast foods tend to suffer from obesity (overweight). Comment.

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

Fast foods are rich in fats and carbohydrates and deficient in vitamins. Eating more fast foods results in the accumulation of fat in the body of children making them suffer from obesity.

Question 8(g)

How can you control the spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies?

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

We can control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using repellents, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoiding stagnation of water and covering all the drains prevent breeding of mosquitoes.

Question 8(h)

Public hygiene is equally important as personal hygiene. Give reasons.

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

Maintaining public hygiene prevents the spread of communicable diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Cholera, Diarrhoea, etc. Maintaining a clean environment controls the breeding of mosquitoes, houseflies and other pathogens. Hence, public hygiene is equally important as personal hygiene for good health and preventing diseases.

Question 9

Given below is a crossword puzzle. Read the clues across and clues down, and fill up the blank squares. Check your performance with the correct solutions given at the end of the chapter.

Given below is a crossword puzzle. Read the clues across and clues down, and fill up the blank squares. Check your performance with the correct solutions given at the end of the chapter. Concise Biology Solutions ICSE Class 6.

Clues down

1. Germs or germ - substances introduced into the body to prevent occurrence of an infectious disease.

2. A disease caused by an infected dog that affects the central nervous system.

3. A disease in which the eyes, the skin and the urine turn yellow.

4. The disease pertussis is popularly known as whooping ...............

Clues across

1. Category of pathogen that causes diseases like common cold and mumps.

5. This is the vaccine for preventing tuberculosis.

6. An organ usually affected by tuberculosis.

7. Jumbled spelling of one of the most common insect which visits our exposed foods and contaminates them.

8. Cover this part of your body by a handkerchief while sneezing to prevent droplet infection to others.

9. These may readily grow in your hair, if you do not wash it regularly.

10. A disease that weakens body's defence system against infections.

Short Answer Questions

Answer:

The solved cross word puzzle is shown below:

Given below is a crossword puzzle. Read the clues across and clues down, and fill up the blank squares. Check your performance with the correct solutions given at the end of the chapter.Concise Biology Solutions ICSE Class 6.