Habitat and Adaptation

1. forelimbs
2. hooves
3. fat
4. marine
5. hydrophilous

The two main adaptations seen in desert plants are

1. Most cacti desert plants have spines instead of leaves. Leaves would lose water through transpiration.

2. Photosynthesis is carried out by the thick green stem.

Various aerial adaptations found in birds are:

1. Body shape — The body of birds is streamlined. Necks stretched forward with the head pointed in front and a narrowed tail at the end provide them a sleek shape. The body surface is smooth to minimize resistance against air.
2. Wings — The forelimbs are modified into wings. The whole length of the forelimbs carries long light feathers.
3. Steering and brakes — The feathers on the tail help to slow down the speed and also help in steering (changing direction).
4. Wing muscles — These are the strong, active and enlarged breast muscles which support and help in the movement of wings.
5. Cutting down the body weight — Except for the most necessary bulky heavy wing muscles, the rest of the bird's body tends to be light to facilitate flight.
   1. Bones have air cavities.
   2. Much less water is required in the body. The birds excrete solid urine (formed of uric acid instead of urea which otherwise requires much water to be excreted out).

Difference between an Aquatic habitat and Terrestrial habitat:

Vallisneria is well developed for cross pollination. It is a dioecious plant where male and female plants are separate. Pollination occurs with the help of water and such flowers are called hydrophilous. The male flowers are very small and on maturity, get detached. They float on the surface of water. The female flowers remains float on long stalks. Free floating male flowers pollinate the female flowers on the surface of water.

Modified stem

Reason — In the cactus, leaves are modified into spines. The green leaf like structure is modified into stem, which contains chlorophyll. Thus, the modified stem is the centre of photosynthesis in the cactus plants instead of leaves.

Light bones with air cavities

Reason — Light bones with air cavities keeps the body of birds light and thus help in flight.

All of these

Reason — The living organisms such as plants, animals and decomposers are the biotic components of the environment.

Aquatic plants

Reason — The stem of aquatic plant is long, hollow, light and grows well up to the water surface.

Desert Animals

Reason — Slow breathing is the characteristic of desert animals because certain amount of moisture is always lost due to evaporation in the respiratory passage during breathing.

All of these

Reason — Organisms adapt to different abiotic factors such as average temperature, soil and annual precipitation in different ways. That is why a diversity of organisms is present in different habitats.

Vallisneria

Reason — Vallisneria is an aquatic plant commonly used in setting up an aquarium. It remains submerged in the water.

Fish and Birds

Reason — A streamlined body shape is designed to minimize resistance when moving through a fluid like water or air, and both fish and birds have evolved to have this shape for efficient movement.

Operculum

Reason — Gill cover is technically termed as Operculum.

Yak

Reason — Yak has thick skin covered with fur to protect it from cold.

Four abiotic factors affecting different living beings are:

1. Soil
2. Air
3. Water
4. Temperature

Habitat — The natural home of an organism and its immediate surroundings is called its habitat. The habitat of any living creature should be a place where it can find shelter, food, water and suitable conditions for breeding.

Adaptation — Adaptation is the development of any structure or function in an organism which makes it more efficient for survival in a particular environment or habitat, i.e. adaptations are the changes in the body or behavior of an organism that enables it to survive comfortably and successfully in a habitat.

The natural home of an organism and its immediate surroundings is called its Habitat. The habitat of any living creature should be a place where it can find shelter, food, water and suitable conditions for breeding. The special feature of habitat is that it includes all the physical characteristics around it (air, water, temperature, etc.) along with the surrounding plants and animals. There are three types of habitat

1. Aquatic habitat
2. Terrestrial habitat
3. Aerial habitat

The two adaptations in animal found in the mountain habitat are:

1. The oxygen content in the mountain air is thin. So the blood of the most of these animals contains more red blood cells. This help them to breath in sufficient oxygen even when air pressure is low.
2. Some animals hibernate or go for a long winter sleep when the temperatures are very low. In this way, they conserve their energy and survive the winter without food. Frogs and hedgehogs are some animals which hibernate.

Two features of whales similar to a fish in adaptation to life in water are:

1. Like fish, the huge body of whale is also streamlined in a spindle shape.
2. Its front legs are modified into paddles or flippers for kicking water and hind limbs are absent.

The environmental factors that influence a habitat are:

1. Air
2. Water
3. Climatic condition
4. Temperature
5. Plant and Animal

Three types of terrestrial habitats are:

1. Desert habitat
2. Mountain habitat
3. Polar habitat

Two types of terrestrial habitats with low temperatures are:

1. Polar habitat
2. Mountain habitat

The water saving methods in a camel are:

1. Little and thick urine — When deprived of water, the camel passes out very little urine and it is quite thick.
2. Semi-dry faeces — The dung passed out is quite dry.
3. Perspires very little — The camel can tolerate high outside temperature up to 40°C to 45°C as its own body temperature can go up to 41°-42°C and therefore the need to perspire is reduced.
4. Slow breathing — Certain amount of moisture is always lost due to evaporation in the respiratory passages during breathing. Slower the rate of breathing, lesser the loss of water as water vapour in the air breathed out.
5. Water "storage" in muscles — The camel's muscles can withstand the shortage of water and can shrink considerably. Once the water is available, the camel can drink sufficient water and the muscles swell up.
6. Water from the "fat" of the hump — While starving, the fat is oxidized to yield energy as well as water.

1. Aquatic habitat, Terrestrial habitat, and Aerial habitat
2. Desert habitat, Mountain habitat, Polar habitat, Forests and grasslands
3. Biotic components and Abiotic components
4. Natural agents and Animals
5. Pine, Fir, Cedar

1. Habitat — The natural home of an organism and its immediate surroundings is called its habitat.

2. Adaptation — Adaptation is the development of any structure or function in an organism which makes it more efficient for survival in a particular environment or habitat, i.e. adaptations are the changes in the body or behavior of an organism that enables it to survive comfortably and successfully in a habitat.

3. Abiotic factors — Abiotic factors are the non-living, physical, and chemical components of an ecosystem. They incluse various non-living things, such as soil, rocks, air, water, temperature, etc.

4. Biotic factors — Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem. They include all organisms, like plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.

5. Seed dispersal — Seed dispersal is the process by which plant seeds are transported away from the parent plant to a new location, allowing them to germinate and grow into new plants.

1. A fish swims with the help of fins.

2. The gills are the breathing organs of fishes that help them breathe.

3. Swim bladder of a fish helps in maintaining buoyancy and the fish can rise upward or sink downward by increasing or decreasing the amount of gas in the bladder.

4. The hump of the camel is full of fat which serves as the reserved food. The camel can remain without food for several days and during that period, the fat in the hump serves as a source of energy.

5. Streamlined body of a bird helps to encounter least resistance while flying in the air.

1. Odd one — Neem
   Reason — Neem is a plain region tree, while Pine, Fir, and Cedar are found in mountainous regions.

2. Odd one — Deer
   Reason — Deer is found in forests or plains, while Reindeer, Polar bears, and Penguins are adapted to polar regions.

3. Odd one — Fur
   Reason — Fur is a feature of land mammals, whereas Scales, Fins, and Gills are adaptations of aquatic animals.

4. Odd one — Mango
   Reason — Mango seeds are dispersed by animals, while Cotton, Poppy, and Drumstick seeds are dispersed by wind.

5. Odd one — Cactus
   Reason — Cactus is a desert plant, while the others are Aquatic plants.

1. False
   Correct Statement — Dorsal and ventral fins of a fish are unpaired fins.

2. False
   Correct Statement — Fishes breathe by means of gills.

3. True

4. False
   Correct Statement — The leaves of cacti are reduced in the form of spines to reduce transpiration.

5. False
   Correct Statement — The tail feathers of a bird helps in steering (changing direction).