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Solutions for History & Civics, Class 6, ICSE
Give three reasons that led to the rise of Jainism and Buddhism.
The following reasons were responsible for the rise of Jainism and Buddhism.
Who was Mahavira? Why did he renounce the world?
Mahavira was born in the second half of the 6th century BCE at Kundagrama near vaishali in Bihar. He was the twenty-fourth and last of the tirthankaras. He is considered as the founder of Jainism because he made Jainism popular and systematic.
Mahavira renounced the world at the age of 30 in search of truth and became an ascetic. He practised severe penance and meditation for 12 long years. Finally, at the age of 42, he attained Spiritual Knowledge.
Give the main teachings of Mahavira.
The main teachings of Mahavira are the following:
Mention the five great principles of Jainism.
In order to make the soul pure and free from evil, Jainism has laid down five great principles to be observed by all. These include:
Give three causes for the decline of Jainism.
The main reasons of the decline of Jainism were the following:
Who founded Buddhism? Where did Buddha get enlightenment?
Gautam Buddha founded Buddhism. Buddha got enlightement under a peepal tree (Bodhi tree) at Bodh Gaya in Bihar.
Name the four noble truths.
The four noble truths are the following:
What is the Ashtangika marg?
The way to Nirvana, in Buddhism, or the path that leads to removal of suffering, is known as the Ashtangika marg. It is also known as the Eightfold path or the Middle Path. The Ashtangika marg includes the following virtues:
What is the difference between Hinayana and Mahayana sects of Buddhism?
Differences between Hinayana and Mahayana sects of Buddhism
Hinayana Sect | Mahayana Sect |
---|---|
Hinayana Sect does not believe that Gautam Buddha was god. They deny the existence of god. | Mahayana Sect believes that Gautam Buddha was an incarnation of God. |
Hinayana Sect does not believe in idol worship. | Mahayana Sect worships the images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas. |
Hinayana Sect believes in individual efforts of salvation by understanding the noble truths and following the Eight Fold Path. | Mahayana Sect believes that everyone cannot get salvation by individual efforts. Only a few like the Buddha and Bodhisttavas can do it and they do it for all human beings. |
Give reasons for the decline of Buddhism.
Many factors contributed to the decline of Buddhism. Some of these are:
Complete the chart to understand the similarities and dissimilarities between Jainism and Buddhism.
Jainism | Buddhism | |
---|---|---|
1. Founder | ||
2. Belief in God | ||
3. Languages used | ||
4. Important Books | ||
5. Two famous religious places |
Jainism | Buddhism | |
---|---|---|
1. Founder | Vardhamana Mahavira | Gautam Buddha |
2. Belief in God | Jainism did not believe in God or the vedas. It opposed all forms of rituals and religious practices. | Buddhism was silent about the existence of God and didn't accept the vedas. |
3. Languages used | Prakrit language | Pali language |
4. Important Books | Purvas, Angas and Upangas. | Tripitakas and Jatakas. |
5. Two famous religious places | The Dilwara temples at Mount Abu and Palitana in Gujarat. | Stupas at Sanchi and Viharas at Bodh Gaya. |
Rishabhadev was the first Jain trithankara and Mahavira was the 24th trithankara.
Mahavira attained spiritual knowledge at age of 42.
Chandragupta Maurya ruler of Kalinga patronised Jainism.
Gautam Buddha was born at Lumbini in Nepal.
Sangha was the monastic order established to spread Buddhism.
Study the picture and answer the following questions:
(a) Identify the person in pictures (A) and (B) and name the religions found by them.
(b) Write two teachings of each religion found by them.
(c) Give two similarities and two dissimilarities between the two religion.
(a) The persons in pictures are:
A → Gautam Buddha
B → Mahavira
Gautam Buddha founded Buddhism and Mahavira founded Jainism.
(b) Two teaching of each religion are:
Buddhism
Jainism
(c) Similarities between Buddhism and Jainism are:
Dissimilarities between Buddhism and Jainism are:
Buddhism | Jainism |
---|---|
Buddhism was completely a new religion in 6th century BCE. | Jainism had been found long before Mahavira. Mahavira was last of its Trihankaras. |
Buddhism followed a middle path. | Jainism believed in hard penance. |