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Solutions for History & Civics, Class 6, ICSE
India is a vast country. Therefore, it is not possible for a central government to manage different and vast parts/regions of the country. India is also a democratic country where power and responsibilities are distributed at various levels. That's why for efficient administration and governance, the government in India functions at three levels—central, state and local.
Gram Sabha | Gram Panchayat |
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All adult members of the village who have been registered in the electoral rolls are members of the Gram Sabha. | Members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. Seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. One-third of the total seats are reserved for women members of the village. |
The Panchayati Raj System is a three-tier structure of rural local self-government in India:
Gram Panchayat (Village Level)
Panchayat Samiti / Block Samiti (Block Level)
Zila Parishad (District Level)
Nyaya Panchayats are separate and independent dispute resolution bodies, distinct from the Gram Panchayats. They provide a system of fair and speedy justice, both civil and criminal, to the citizens at their doorsteps, outside the formal judicial system. Every Gram Panchayat or a cluster of Gram Panchayats, will have Nyaya Panchayats.
There are different governing bodies for local self-governance in rural and urban areas because both areas have different needs and challenges. Rural areas require governance focused on agriculture, irrigation, village roads, sanitation, and basic services. Urban areas deal with housing, waste management, traffic, street lighting, and city planning.
Therefore, separate systems ensure that local self-government works efficiently and specifically for each area's unique problems.
The sources of funding for the rural government in India to fulfil its various responsibilities are as follows: