Excretion in Humans

Differences between Ureter and Uterus on the basis of Organ system:

Differences between Nephron and Neuron on the basis of Location in body / organ:

Differences between Lungs and Liver on the basis of Excretory products:

Differences between Blood of renal artery and renal vein on the basis of Nitrogenous wastes:

Differences between Urinary bladder and urethra on the basis of function:

Below diagram shows the vertical section of a human kidney:

1. In the given diagram, the organ system that is shown completely is Excretory system, and the organ system that is shown partially is Circulatory system.

2. The guidelines 1 to 4 shows :
   1 → Kidney
   2 → Ureter
   3 → Urinary bladder
   4 → Urethra

3. The muscular sheet that divides the thorax and abdomen is called the diaphragm.

4. The Renal artery supplies blood from the heart to the kidney.

5. The renal vein carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart, which has been filtered by the kidney and is now relatively devoid of nitrogenous wastes.

1. The process being shown in the given figure is Dialysis.

2. When both the kidneys of a person fail, the blood soon becomes loaded with urea and other waste substances, and the person may die. In such a condition, doctors suggest the regular Dialysis treatment to filter blood through machine.

3. If both kidneys of a person fail, then the doctors suggest Kidney transplant from a suitable donor, apart from Dialysis.

4. Yes, a person can live a normal, healthy life with one kidney.

5. An important function of the Hemodialysis machine is to filter and clean the blood. It removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood, acting as an artificial kidney when a person's kidneys are not functioning properly.

Nephrons

Reason — Nephrons are the microscopic tubular structures, inside the kidney. They are also known as renal tubules.

Liver

Reason — Breakdown of excessive amino acids in liver results in formation of urea.

Urea

Reason — Urea and water are the major constituents of urine.

Nephrons

Reason — The Nephrons remove the waste substances by filtering it from the blood.

Liver

Reason — The process of the breakdown of excessive amino acids occurs in the liver.

Excretion

Reason — The process of removal of nitrogenous waste products from the body of a living organism is called excretion.

Kidney

Reason — The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood, including urea, which is then excreted in the urine.

Capsule

Reason — The outermost protective covering of the kidneys is termed as Capsule.

Osmoregulation

Reason — The process of regulation of water and salt content in the body is called Osmoregulation.

Urination

Reason — The process of expulsion of urine from the body is termed as Urination.

1. Nephron
2. Bowman's capsule
3. Collecting duct
4. Dialysis
5. Diabetes mellitus
6. Renal artery

1. False
   Corrected statement — Removal of all kind of unwanted and toxic metabolic wastes is called excretion.
2. False
   Corrected statement — The medulla drains the urine into a funnel-shaped structure called the renal pelvis which further passes it to the urinary bladder through ureters.
3. True
4. True

1. Urine formation — Kidneys
2. Transport of urine away from kidney — Ureter
3. Temporary storage of urine — Urinary bladder

1. Urea, uric acid, and ammonia
2. Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, and Urethra
3. Skin, Lungs, and Liver
4. Calcium oxalate, Calcium phosphate, and Uric acid
5. Vitamins B and C

1. Excretion — The process of removal of unwanted and toxic metabolic waste products from the body is called Excretion.
2. Excretory organs — The organs that remove the unwanted waste and toxic substance from the body are known as Excretory organs.
3. Dialysis — The process of filtration of blood with the help of machine, if both kidneys fail, is called Dialysis.
4. Nephron — Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney. It filters the blood, purifies it and produces urine.
5. Osmoregulation — The process of maintaining or regulating the water and salt concentration in the body is called osmoregulation. Kidneys help in osmoregulation in our body.

1. Kidney — The kidneys are situated towards the back of the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone at the level of the last two ribs. The right kidney is located slightly lower than the left one.

2. Urinary bladder — Urinary bladder is situated in the lower abdomen.

3. Renal cortex — Renal cortex is the outer darker region of the kidney.

4. Renal medulla — Renal medulla is the inner lighter region of the kidney, located within the renal cortex.

5. Pelvis — The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure located in the center of the kidney.

1. Kidney — The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood, removing waste products and excess substances to produce urine.

2. Ureter — The ureters are thin tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

3. Urinary bladder — The urinary bladder stores urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body.

4. Urethra — When the bladder if full, the urine is expelled out through the urethra.

5. Skin — The skin excretes waste products like excess water, salts, traces of urea and uric acid in the form of sweat, through sweat glands located underneath the skin.

The body produces many substances of which some are useful while the others are useless. If retained in the body, unwanted and toxic metabolic waste substances may become poisonous and cause much harm and in severe cases, even death. That is why excretion is necessary in living beings.

The two ways by which a person can get relief in case of kidney failure are:

1. Dialysis
2. Kidney transplant

Kidney stones are formed when crystal forming substances such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid are more than the fluid in the urine. When these chemicals start sticking together, they form crystals, called kidney stones. They may be formed in any area of the excretory system and cause severe pain.

Following are the symptoms of urinary tract infection:

1. Strong and frequent urge to urinate.
2. Painful urination.
3. Burning sensation while urinating.