Food Production

Assertion (A): Some bacterial cells have an outermost slimy gelatinous layer in the form of a capsule.

Reason (R): Capsule protects the bacterium from desiccation and toxic compounds.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Lactobacillus is a kind of bacteria which can convert milk into curd and curd into cottage cheese.

Reason (R): Lactose (milk sugar) can be converted into lactic acid by the action of Lactobacillus and different types of milk products like curd and cheese can be prepared.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Tea leaves and tobacco leaves are cured by bacteria to obtain specific flavours and aroma.

Reason (R): Curing is the process during which leaves are roasted at a very high temperature along with bacteria and some edible colours.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): The process of recovery of threads from the killed larvae of silkworm is called as reeling.

Reason (R): Threads are recovered from the larval stages of silkworm because this stage is the most active and productive stage in its life-cycle.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Draught animals are mostly found in regions of prolonged shortage of rainfall.

Reason (R): Draught animals such as bullocks, horses and bulls are reared for doing heavy work.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Fill in the blanks:

1. Cattle feed made from cereals and wheat is called ...............

2. Rearing of birds for eggs and meat is called ...............

3. Animal food is rich in ...............

4. ............... is an example of root crop.

5. Cereals are rich in ...............

6. ............... are chemical substances used to destroy pests.

7. ............... ia an example of a tuber crop.

8. Pig farming is termed as ...............

Distinguish between Eggers (or Layers) and Broilers.

Distinguish between Food crops and Cash crops.

Distinguish between Green revolution and White revolution.

Distinguish between Milch animals and Draught animals.

Distinguish between Kharif crops and Rabi crops.

Briefly explain the following terms :

(a) Animal Husbandry

(b) Sericulture

(c) Aquaculture

(d) Hatcheries

(e) Pisciculture

Answer

(a) Animal Husbandry — The branch of biology which deals with feeding, shelter, caring and breeding of domesticated animals is called animal husbandry.

(b) Sericulture — The technique of artificial rearing of silkworm for production of silk is called sericulture.

(c) Aquaculture — Aquaculture is the term used for production or farming of useful aquatic animals like fish, prawns, lobsters, molluscs, etc.

(d) Hatcheries — A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially those of fish or poultry.

(e) Pisciculture — Pisciculture is the production and management of fishes. It involves breeding and raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures mainly for food.

List the uses of bacteria in the food industry.

Mention the benefits of "Green Revolution" and "White Revolution" in our country.

Draw a neat and labeled diagram of the life cycle of a silk moth and answer the following questions.

(a) What are the four stages in the life cycle of a silk moth?

(b) Write the specific names for the larva and pupa of the silk moth.

(c) Name the process of recovering threads from the killed cocoons.

(d) Name a suitable plant on which these insects grow and develop successfully.

(e) Which kind of fibres can be made by using the threads from the cocoons ?

Draw a neat and labeled diagram of the 'Internal structure of yeast'. Answer the following questions.

(a) Name the kingdom to which the yeast belongs.

(b) Is it unicellular or multicellular?

(c) Write the specific mode of nutrition in this organism.

(d) What are the suitable medium/places where yeast can grow successfully?

(e) Name two vitamins which are found in yeast.

(f) Write the economic importance of yeasts in two points.

Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a bacterium showing its internal structure. Answer the following questions.

(a) Name the kingdom to which bacteria belongs.

(b) Are they prokaryotes / eukaryotes?

(c) What are the four kinds of bacteria on the basis of their shape? Write the specific terms with their shapes.

(d) Name the outermost protective covering of a bacterium.

(e) What are the four suitable conditions required for the growth and development of bacteria?

(f) Name two kinds of respiration which can take place in bacteria.

(g) Mention the locomotory structure of bacteria which can help them to move.

Match the terms given in column A with those in column B.

Name:

(a) The popular indigenous breed of poultry in India.

(b) The practice of rearing of honey bees.

(c) The architect of white revolution in India.

(d) A kashmiri goat which gives expensive wool.

(e) The scientist responsible for green revolution in India.

Which one of the following is an indigenous breed of dairy cows?

1. Jersey
2. Frieswal
3. Sahiwal
4. Dangi

Which one of the following is the common breed of buffalo found in Gujarat?

1. Surti
2. Murrah
3. Gir
4. Mehsana

Which of the following is an indigenous breed of poultry of India.

1. White Leghorn
2. HH-260
3. Aseel
4. B-77

Which one of the following is a rabi crop?

1. Mustard
2. Pea
3. Rice
4. Wheat

Among the following, a Kharif crop is:

1. Barley
2. Mustard
3. Rice
4. Wheat

Yeast is a kind of microscopic organism which readily grows in all kinds of sugary solutions and in plant exudations containing sugar. Yeast is economically important in many ways. Some are given below:

P. In breweries

Q. In bakeries

R. Curing of tobacco

In which of the following processes/ways does yeast not play an important role ?

1. Only R
2. Only P and Q
3. Only P, Q and R
4. None of the above

Amit and Sumit studied different kinds of microbes like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa. Which of the following statements does not match with the characteristic features of fungi ?

1. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.
2. They do not have chlorophyll and cannot prepare their own food.
3. Fungi help in biological nitrogen fixation and improve the soil fertility.
4. They are saprophytic in nature.

Write the scientific names of :

(a) Common Indian honey bee

(b) Curd Bacteria

(c) A nitrogen fixing bacteria

Name the following :

(a) Four animals which provide us food.

(b) Two dual purpose breeds of cattle.

(c) Two examples of milch animals.

(d) Two high-yielding indigenous breeds of cows.

(e) Four varieties of edible fishes in India.

(f) Two breeds of buffaloes.

(g) Two exotic breeds of Fowl

(h) Two exotic (Foreign) breeds of cows

(i) Two indigenous breeds of pigs

Define Microbes.

Define Agriculture.

Define Horticulture.

Define Poultry farming.

Define Mariculture.

Name the most important cereal plant of Kharif crops.

Name any one variety of edible mushrooms.

Name the two main crop seasons of India. Give three examples of the crops grown during each season.

What is organic farming ? What is the main aim of organic farming ?