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Solutions for Geography, Class 8, ICSE
The factors that affect the climate of Asia are-
| Summer conditions in Asia | Winter conditions in Asia |
|---|---|
| During summer, the sun is directly above the Tropic of Cancer, the main landmass of Asia develops low pressure. The surrounding seas being cooler, develop high pressure. Since the winds blow over the oceans, they pick up a lot of moisture and give heavy rainfall in South Asia. These are known as southwest monsoon winds as they blow from southwest to northeast. | During winter, the sun is directly above the Tropic of Capricorn, Central Asia becomes extremely cold and develops high pressure. The surrounding oceans are relatively warm and have low pressure over them. The winds start blowing from land to sea. The winds are dry and do not bring rain. These cold winds blowing southward are checked by the Himalayas in South Asia. During winter, northeast monsoon winds blow from northeast to southwest. They pick up moisture from Bay of Bengal and give rainfall to eastern coast of India. In the south western part of Asia, western disturbances originating in the Mediterranean Sea bring winter rainfall. |
| Natural vegetation of Equatorial region | Natural vegetation of Tundra region |
|---|---|
| Evergreen rain forests are found in Malaysia, Indonesia and parts of Philippines. | This type of vegetation is found in northern Russia, bordering the Arctic ocean. |
| These forests consist of a variety of trees, palms and ferns with dense undergrowth of shrubs and creepers. Examples of trees are rosewood, ebony etc. This area receives a large amount of rainfall due to hot and wet climate. | The vegetation consists of mosses and lichens. This area is covered with snow for most of the year. |
The east west trend of Himalayas in South Asia, prevents the cold winds from Central Asia to enter the subcontinent in winter. They force the monsoon winds to shed their moisture in the south during the rainy season.
| Natural vegetation of Tundra region | Natural vegetation of Equatorial region |
|---|---|
| This type of vegetation is found in northern Russia, bordering the Arctic ocean. | Evergreen rain forests are found in Malaysia, Indonesia and parts of Philippines. |
| The vegetation consists of mosses and lichens. This area is covered with snow for most of the year. | These forests consist of a variety of trees, palms and ferns with dense undergrowth of shrubs and creepers. Examples of trees are rosewood, ebony etc. This area receives a large amount of rainfall due to hot and wet climate. |
| Deciduous vegetation | Desert vegetation |
|---|---|
| The areas receiving 100 to 150 cm rainfall consist of broad leaved deciduous forests. Species like teak, sal, sandalwood, peepal etc., are found here. | Desert vegetation is characterised by cactus like plants and thorny bushes and shrubs. The plants have long, wide roots that absorb rainwater before it gets soaked away underground. |
| The trees shed their leaves in dry winter season. | The leaves of these plants have spines to conserve water. |
| Monsoon type of vegetation | Taiga type of vegetation |
|---|---|
| Monsoon type of vegetation is found in south, southeast and east Asia. | Taiga forests are found in a broad belt in the central part of Siberia, located to the south of Tundra region. |
| Monsoon forests consists of broad leaved deciduous forests. Species like teak, sal, sandalwood, peepal etc., are found here. | The main trees of this region are pine, fir, cedar and spruce. |
| The trees shed their leaves in dry winter season. | These trees have needle shaped leaves and can withstand extremely cold climate. |
Fill in the blanks:
(i) ............... is known as the Roof of the World.
(ii) ............... form the western boundary of Asia.
(iii) Equatorial forests are also known as ............... .
(iv) Fur bearing animals are found in ............... .
(v) Yak is found in the cold desert of ............... .
(i) Tibetan plateau
(ii) Ural mountains
(iii) evergreen rainforests
(iv) Taiga region
(v) Tibetan plateau
The monsoon winds blow in summer from South West to North East as during summer, the sun is directly above the Tropic of Cancer, the main landmass of Asia develops low pressure. The surrounding seas being cooler, develop high pressure. Since the winds blow over the oceans, they pick up a lot of moisture and give heavy rainfall in South Asia. These are known as southwest monsoon winds as they blow from southwest to northeast.
The cold and warm ocean currents affect the climate of a region. The climate of a region becomes cold if a cold current flows near it such as the cold Oyashio current washes the western coast of Japan and makes it extremely cold, whereas if a warm current flows near a region, the winter becomes milder, as is the case with eastern coast of Japan which is washed by the warm Kuroshio current.