ICSE Class 10 Physics: Complete Formula Sheet — All Chapters 2026

Force Formulas

• F = ma (Newton's Second Law)
• p = mv (Momentum)
• Impulse = F × t = Δp (Change in momentum)
• F_c = mv²/r (Centripetal force)
• W = mg (Weight)

Work, Energy, Power Formulas

• W = F × d × cos θ (Work done)
• KE = ½mv² (Kinetic energy)
• PE = mgh (Gravitational potential energy)
• P = W/t = Fv (Power)
• Efficiency = (output/input) × 100%

Machines Formulas

• MA = Load/Effort
• VR = Distance by effort / Distance by load
• Efficiency = (MA/VR) × 100%
• For lever: VR = Effort arm / Load arm
• For pulley: VR = number of pulleys

Light and Refraction Formulas

• μ = sin i / sin r (Snell's Law)
• μ = c/v = Real depth / Apparent depth
• 1/f = 1/v - 1/u (Lens formula)
• P = 1/f (Power of lens in Dioptres)
• m = v/u = h₂/h₁ (Magnification)

Sound Formulas

• v = fλ (Speed = Frequency × Wavelength)
• d = vt/2 (Echo distance)
• Audible range: 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

Electricity Formulas

• V = IR (Ohm's Law)
• R = ρl/A (Resistance formula)
• Series: R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
• Parallel: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
• P = VI = I²R = V²/R (Power)
• E = VIt = Pt (Electrical energy)
• H = I²Rt (Heat produced — Joule's law)

Electromagnetism

• F = BIl (Force on conductor)
• e = -dφ/dt (Faraday's law of EMI)
• Fleming's Left Hand Rule: Force direction in motor
• Fleming's Right Hand Rule: Current direction in generator