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Electricity — Question 7

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Question 7

The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are given below –

I (ampere)0.51.02.03.04.0
V (volts)1.63.46.710.213.2

Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of that resistor.

Answer

The graph is plotted as below:

The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are given below. Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of that resistor. NCERT Class 10 Science CBSE Solutions.

The slope of the line indicates the value of resistance.

Let P1(3.4, 1) and P2(10.2, 3) be two points on the graph

Slope = 1R=3−110.2−3.4=26.8\dfrac{1}{\text{R}} = \dfrac{3-1}{10.2-3.4} = \dfrac{2}{6.8}

R = 6.82\dfrac{6.8}{2} = 3.4 Ω

Therefore, the resistance = 3.4 Ω.

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Science | Chapter 11: ElectricityWeb Content

Chapter 11: Electricity — Quick Revision Guide

Introduction

Electricity powers modern life. This chapter covers electric current, potential difference, Ohm's law, resistance, series and parallel circuits, and electrical power and energy calculations.

Key Points at a Glance

  1. Current I = Q/t (ampere); potential difference V = W/Q (volt); Ohm's law V = IR
  2. Resistance R = V/I (ohm); factors: R ∝ l, R ∝ 1/A, material (ρ), temperature; R = ρl/A
  3. Conductors: low ρ (~10−8 Ω·m); alloys: higher ρ, used in heating elements (nichrome)
  4. Series: Req = R1 + R2 + ...; same current; voltage divides; one failure breaks all
  5. Parallel: 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...; same voltage; current divides; independent operation; used in homes
  6. Power: P = VI = I2R = V2/R (watt); Energy: E = Pt (joule); 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J
  7. Heating effect: H = I2Rt; applications: heater, iron, fuse (low m.p. alloy, series with live wire)
  8. Electric bill: units (kWh) = power(kW) × time(h); cost = units × rate

Real-World Connections

Household wiring in parallel allows independent appliance use; fuses and MCBs prevent fire; LED bulbs save energy (lower power for same brightness); electricity bill management.

Quick Self-Test (5 Questions)

  1. What is the most important concept you learned from this chapter?
  2. Can you write three key equations/formulae from this chapter from memory?
  3. Draw a labelled diagram relevant to this chapter without looking at your notes.
  4. Explain one real-world application of a concept from this chapter.
  5. What is one common mistake students make in this chapter, and how can you avoid it?

Further Study

  • NCERT Textbook Chapter 11
  • NCERT Exemplar Problems
  • Bright Tutorials Detailed Notes: ch11-electricity.html
  • Bright Tutorials Practice Questions: ch11-electricity.html
  • Previous Year CBSE Board Papers

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