Question 1

Question 4Assertion (A): The local and global variables declared with the same name in the function are treated in the same manner by the Python interpreter.Reasoning (R): The variable declared within the function block is treated as local, whereas the variable declared outside the function block will be referred to as a global variable.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true.

Accepted Answer

A is false but R is true.ExplanationWhen a variable shares the same name both locally within a function and globally outside it, the Python interpreter treats them differently based on the scope where they are accessed. Local variables, declared within a function, are accessible only within that function and don't affect the global variable of the same name. The interpreter prioritizes the local variable over the global one within the function's scope. However, globally declared variables are accessible throughout the program, and their value can be modified or accessed from any function or block.

Question 2

Question 7What is the output of the program given below?x = 50
def func(x):
    x = 2
func(x)
print('x is now', x)x is now 50x is now 2x is now 100Error

Accepted Answer

x is now 50Reason — The output of the program will be x is now 50. This is because the variable x inside the func function is a local variable, so any changes made to it inside the function do not affect the global variable x defined outside the function. Therefore, after calling the func function, the value of x remains unchanged and is still 50 when printed.

Question 3

Question 9Fill in the line of code for calculating the factorial of a number:def fact(num):
    if num == 0:
        return 1
    else:
        return...............num*fact (num-1)(num-1) * (num-2)num* (num-1)fact (num) *fact (num-1)

Accepted Answer

num*fact (num-1)Reason — The fact function is designed to calculate the factorial of a given number through recursion. It checks if the input num is zero; if so, it returns 1 as the factorial of 0 is defined as 1. Otherwise, it recursively calls itself with the argument num-1, reducing num with each call until reaching 0, which serves as the base case to stop recursion. During each recursive call, the function multiplies the current num by the factorial of num-1, effectively computing the factorial of the original input number through successive multiplications until the base case is reached.

Question 4

Question 11What is the output of the following snippet?def fun(n):
    if (n > 100):
        return n - 5
    return fun (fun (n+11) )
print(fun(45))5010074Infinite loop

Accepted Answer

100Reason — Initially, the function fun is called with the argument 45. Since 45 is less than 100, the else block is executed, and fun is called recursively with the argument fun(n+11). This leads to another recursive call fun(56), as 45 + 11 = 56. Again, since 56 is less than 100, the else block is executed, and another recursive call fun(n+11) is made with n = 67. This process continues until n exceeds 100, at which point the base case is triggered.

Question 5

Question 1A program having multiple functions is considered better designed than a program without any functions. Why?

Accepted Answer

A program having multiple functions is considered better designed than a program without any functions because:Program handling becomes easier: Only a small part of the program is dealt with at a time.Code reusability: A Python function can be defined once and used many times. So, it results in code reuse, we don't need to write the same code more than once.Compact code: While working with functions, a common set of code is written only once and can be called from any part of the program which reduces lines of code and programming overheads.Easy updation: If we need to update a formula or expression, changes must be made everywhere it's used, risking errors. Using functions simplifies this by making changes in only one place (which is function itself).

Question 6

Question 2Write a function called calculate_area() that takes base and height as input arguments and returns area of a triangle as an output. The formula used is: Triangle Area = 1⁄2 * base * heightSolutiondef calculate_area(base, height):
    area = (1/2) * base * height
    return area

base_value = int(input("Enter the base value: "))
height_value = int(input("Enter the height value: "))
triangle_area = calculate_area(base_value, height_value)
print("Area of the triangle:", triangle_area)OutputEnter the base value: 10
Enter the height value: 5
Area of the triangle: 25.0

Accepted Answer

defcalculate_area(base,height):area=(1/2)*base*heightreturnareabase_value=int(input("Enter the base value: "))height_value=int(input("Enter the height value: "))triangle_area=calculate_area(base_value,height_value)print("Area of the triangle:",triangle_area)OutputEnter the base value: 10Enter the height value: 5Area of the triangle: 25.0

Question 7

Question 3Modify the above function to take a third parameter called shape type. Shape type should be either triangle or rectangle. Based on the shape, it should calculate the area.Formula used: Rectangle Area = length * widthSolutiondef calculate_area(base, height, shape_type):
    if shape_type == "triangle":
        area = (1/2) * base * height
    elif shape_type == "rectangle":
        area = base * height
    else:
        area = None
        print("Invalid shape type. Please specify either 'triangle' or 'rectangle'.")
    return area

shape_type = input("Enter the shape type, triangle or rectangle: ")
base_value = int(input("Enter the base value: "))
height_value = int(input("Enter the height value: "))
area = calculate_area(base_value, height_value, shape_type)
print("Area of the", shape_type, "is ", area)OutputEnter the shape type, triangle or rectangle: triangle
Enter the base value: 10
Enter the height value: 5
Area of the triangle is  25.0

Enter the shape type, triangle or rectangle: rectangle
Enter the base value: 8
Enter the height value: 9
Area of the rectangle is  72

Accepted Answer

defcalculate_area(base,height,shape_type):ifshape_type=="triangle":area=(1/2)*base*heightelifshape_type=="rectangle":area=base*heightelse:area=Noneprint("Invalid shape type. Please specify either 'triangle' or 'rectangle'.")returnareashape_type=input("Enter the shape type, triangle or rectangle: ")base_value=int(input("Enter the base value: "))height_value=int(input("Enter the height value: "))area=calculate_area(base_value,height_value,shape_type)print("Area of the",shape_type,"is ",area)OutputEnter the shape type, triangle or rectangle: triangleEnter the base value: 10Enter the height value: 5Area of the triangle is  25.0Enter the shape type, triangle or rectangle: rectangleEnter the base value: 8Enter the height value: 9Area of the rectangle is  72

Question 8

Question 5What is the utility of:Default argumentsKeyword arguments

Accepted Answer

Default arguments — Default arguments are useful in case a matching argument is not passed in the function call statement. They give flexibility to specify the default value for a parameter so that it can be skipped in the function call, if needed. However, still we cannot change the order of the arguments in the function call.Keyword arguments — Keyword arguments are useful when you want to specify arguments by their parameter names during a function call. This allows us to pass arguments in any order, as long as we specify the parameter names when calling the function. It also makes the function call more readable and self-explanatory.

Question 9

Question 6Describe the different types of functions in Python using appropriate examples.

Accepted Answer

The different types of functions in Python are as follows :1. Built-in functions — These are pre-defined functions and are always available for use. For example:name = input("Enter your name: ")
name_length = len(name)
print("Length of your name:", name_length)In the above example, print(), len(), input() etc. are built-in functions.2. User defined functions — These are defined by programmer. For example:def calculate_area(length, width):
    area = length * width
    return area

length = 5
width = 3
result = calculate_area(length, width)
print("Area of the rectangle:", result)In the above example, calculate_area is a user defined function.3. Functions defined in modules — These functions are pre-defined in particular modules and can only be used when corresponding module is imported. For example:import math
num = 16
square_root = math.sqrt(num)
print("Square root of", num, ":", square_root)In the above example, sqrt is a function defined in math module.

Question 10

Question 8What is the difference between local and global variables?

Accepted Answer

Local variableGlobal variableA local variable is a variable defined within a function.A global variable is a variable defined in the 'main' program.They are only accessible within the block in which they are defined.They are accessible from anywhere within the program, including inside functions.These variables have local scope.These variables have global scope.The lifetime of a local variable is limited to the block of code in which it is defined. Once the execution exits that block, the local variable is destroyed, and its memory is released.Global variables persist throughout the entire execution of the program. They are created when the program starts and are only destroyed when the program terminates.

Question 11

Question 10Consider the following code and write the flow of execution for this. Line numbers have been given for our reference.1. def power(b, p):
2. y = b ** p
3. return y
4. 
5. def calcSquare(x):
6. a = power(x, 2)
7. return a
8. 
9. n = 5
10. result = calcSquare(n)
11. print(result)

Accepted Answer

The flow of execution for the above program is as follows :1 → 5 → 9 → 10 → 5 → 6 → 1 → 2 → 3 → 6 → 7 → 10 → 11ExplanationLine 1 is executed and determined that it is a function header, so entire function-body (i.e., lines 2 and 3) is ignored. Line 5 is executed and determined that it is a function header, so entire function-body (i.e., lines 6 and 7) is ignored. Lines 9 and 10 are executed, line 10 has a function call, so control jumps to function header (line 5) and then to first line of function-body, i.e., line 6, it has a function call , so control jumps to function header (line 1) and then to first line of function-body, i.e, line 2. Function returns after line 3 to line 6 and then returns after line 7 to line containing function call statement i.e, line 10 and then to line 11.

Question 12

Question 12What will be the output displayed when addEM() is called/executed?def addEM(x, y, z): 
    return x + y + z 
x=y=z=20

Accepted Answer

When the addEM() function is called or executed, there will be no output displayed because there is no print statement.ExplanationWhen the function addEM(x, y, z) is called with the values 20 for each of its parameters (x, y, and z), it calculates their sum (20 + 20 + 20), which equals 60. Since the function uses the return keyword to return this calculated sum, calling addEM(20, 20, 20) will return 60.

Question 13

Question 13(i)What will be the output of the following program?num = 1
def myfunc() :
    return num
print (num) 
print (myfunc())
print (num)

Accepted Answer

Output1
1
1
WorkingThe code initializes a global variable num with 1. myfunc just returns this global variable. Hence, all the three print statements print 1.

Question 14

Question 13(ii)What will be the output of the following program?num = 1
def myfunc() :
    num = 10 
    return num
print (num) 
print (myfunc())
print (num)

Accepted Answer

Output1
10
1
Workingnum = 1 — This line assigns the value 1 to the global variable num.def myfunc() — This line defines a function named myfunc.print(num) — This line prints the value of the global variable num, which is 1.print(myfunc()) — This line calls the myfunc function. Inside myfunc function, num = 10 defines a local variable num and assigns it the value of 10 which is then returned by the function. It is important to note that the value of global variable num is still 1 as num of myfunc is local to it and different from global variable num.print(num) — This line prints the value of the global variable num, which is still 1.

Question 15

Question 13(iii)What will be the output of the following program?num = 1
def myfunc():
    global num
    num = 10 
print (num) 
print (myfunc())
print (num)

Accepted Answer

Output1
None
10
Workingnum = 1 — This line assigns the value 1 to the global variable num.def myfunc(): — This line defines a function named myfunc.global num — Inside the myfunc function, this line declares that the variable num is a global variable, meaning it refers to the num variable defined outside the function.num = 10 — Inside the myfunc function, this line changes the value of the global variable num to 10.print(num) — This line prints the value of the global variable num, which is still 1 at this point as myfunc hasn't been called yet.print(myfunc()) — This line calls the myfunc function. However, since the function doesn't have a return statement, it implicitly returns None, which is then printed.print(num) — Finally, this line prints the value of the global variable num after the myfunc function has been called, which is now 10 due to the assignment inside the function.

Question 16

Question 13(iv)What will be the output of the following program?def display():
    print ("Hello",) 
display()
print("bye!")

Accepted Answer

OutputHello
bye!
Workingdef display(): — This line defines a function named display with no parameters.print("Hello",) — Inside the display function, it prints the string "Hello".display() — This line calls the display function, which then prints "Hello" due to the print statement inside the function.print("bye!") — This line prints "bye!" on a new line.

Question 17

Question 14What is wrong with the following function definition?def addEm(x, y, z ): 
    return x + y + z 
    print("the answer is :", x + y + z)

Accepted Answer

In the above function definition, the line print("the answer is", x + y + z) is placed after the return statement. In python, once a return statement is encountered, the function exits immediately, and any subsequent code in the function is not executed. Therefore, the print statement will never be executed.

Question 18

Question 15Predict the output of the following code:a = 10
y = 5
def myfunc (a) :
    y = a
    a = 2
    print ("y=",y, "a=", a) 
    print ("a+y", a + y) 
    return a + y
print ("y=",y, "a=", a) 
print (myfunc (a))
print ("y=", y, "a=", a)

Accepted Answer

Outputy= 5 a= 10
y= 10 a= 2
a+y 12
12
y= 5 a= 10
Workinga = 10 — This line assigns the value 10 to the global variable a.y = 5 — This line assigns the value 5 to the global variable y.def myfunc(a): — This line defines a function named myfunc that takes a parameter a.y = a — This line assigns the value of the parameter a (which is 10) to the local variable y within the function.a = 2 — This line assigns the value 2 to the local variable a within the function, effectively shadowing the global variable a.print("y=", y, "a=", a) — This line prints the values of the local variables y and a within the function.print("a+y", a + y) — This line prints the sum of the local variables a and y within the function.return a + y — This line returns the sum of the local variables a and y within the function.print("y=", y, "a=", a) — This line prints the values of the global variables y and a outside the function.print(myfunc(a)) — This line calls the myfunc function with the value of the global variable a (which is 10) as an argument and prints the returned value.print("y=", y, "a=", a) — This line prints the values of the global variables y and a again.

Question 19

Question 16(a)Find the errors in the code given below:def minus (total, decrement)
    output = total - decrement
    print (output) 
    return (output)

Accepted Answer

The errors in the code are:def minus(total, decrement) # Error 1  
    output = total - decrement                              
    print(output)
    return (output)1. There should be a colon at the end of the function definition line.The corrected code is given below:def minus(total, decrement): 
    output = total - decrement
    print(output)
    return (output)

Question 20

Question 16(b)Find the errors in the code given below:define check() 
   N = input ( 'Enter N:'_
   I = 3
   Answer = 1 + i ** 4/N
   Return answer

Accepted Answer

The errors in the code are:define check() #Error 1
    N = input ('Enter N: '  #Error 2
    I = 3                                             
    Answer = 1 + i ** 4 / N  #Error 3                        
    Return answer #Error 4The function definition lacks a colon at the end.The 'input' function returns a string. To perform arithmetic operations with N, it needs to be converted to a numeric type, such as an integer or a float. Parenthesis should be closed after input() function.In Python, variable names are case-sensitive. So if we define a variable as 'I', we should use it consistently as 'I' throughout code.The return statement should be in lowercase. If a variable is named 'Answer' (with an uppercase first letter), it should be used consistently with that casing throughout the program.The corrected code is given below:def check():
    N = int(input('Enter N:'))
    I = 3
    Answer = 1 + I ** 4 / N
    return Answer

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