Turning Tides 11th and 12th Centuries — Question 3

This period, witnessed remarkable achievements across many fields: Science and Mathematics: Scholars like Bhaskaracharya made major contributions to mathematics and astronomy, writing works on Bijaganita (algebra), Lilavati (arithmetic), and Siddhantasiromani (celestial calculations). Architecture and Art: Temples and forts displayed extraordinary craftsmanship, including intricately carved stone temples in Khajuraho,forts with impressive gateways built by the Kakatiyas, and the Hoysala temples with detailed sculptures. The Jagannatha and Sun temples in Odisha also began construction during this time. Literature and Philosophy: Writers and thinkers flourished. King Bhoja wrote extensively on governance, arts, and poetry. Someshvara III compiled an encyclopaedia covering many aspects of life. Saints like Ramanujacharya and Basava promoted devotion, ethical living, and social reform, emphasising equality and personal spiritual practice. Cultural Influence: Indian ideas spread abroad, shaping architecture and religious practices in Southeast Asia, exemplified by Angkor Wat in Cambodia. Let’s Explore