ICSE Class 10 Biology Question 5 of 5

Cell — The Structural and Functional Unit of Life — Question 2

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Question 2

Distinguish between the following pairs:

(a) Plant cell and animal cell

(b) Cell wall and cell membrane

(c) Centrosome and chromosome

(d) Chloroplast and chromoplast

Answer

(a) Plant Cell and Animal Cell

FeaturesPlant cellAnimal cell
SizeIt is usually larger in size.It is usually smaller in size.
Cell wallIt consists of a definite cell wall made up of cellulose.It lacks a cell wall.
VacuolesIt consists of large and prominent vacuoles.It consists of small and temporary vacuoles.
CytoplasmIt consists of less dense cytoplasm.It consists of denser and more granular cytoplasm.

(b) Cell Wall and Cell Membrane

Cell WallCell Membrane
It is the outermost covering in plant cells.It is the outermost covering in animal cells.
It is non-living and rigid layer.It is thin, flexible and living membrane.
It is freely permeable.It is semi-permeable.
It is made up of cellulose.It is made up of lipoproteins.

(c) Centrosome and Chromosome

CentrosomeChromosome
It is a clear space of cytoplasm located close to the nucleus.It is a highly coiled structure contained within the nucleus.
Usually one centrosome is present per cell.Several chromosomes can be present per cell.
It consists of two rod-like structures made of protein tubulin.It consists of DNA coiled around histone protein core.
It initiates and regulates cell division.It transfers hereditary characters from parents to offspring.

(d) Chloroplast and Chromoplast

ChloroplastChromoplast
It is green in colour.It is variously coloured.
It contains the pigment chlorophyll.It contains pigments such as xanthophyll and carotene.
It traps solar energy for photosynthesis.It imparts colour to flowers and fruits.