(a) Difference between Ureter and Urethra (function):
| Property | Ureter | Urethra |
|---|---|---|
| Function | Ureter brings urine from kidneys to urinary bladder. | The urine is intermittently emptied from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body through the urethra. |
(b) Difference between Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus (hormones involved):
| Property | Diabetes mellitus | Diabetes insipidus |
|---|---|---|
| Hormones involved | Deficiency of insulin | Deficiency of vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
(c) Difference between Glycosuria and Albuminuria (abnormal constituents):
| Property | Glycosuria | Albuminuria |
|---|---|---|
| Abnormal constituents | Presence of glucose in urine | Presence of Albumin protein in urine. |
(d) Difference between Diuresis and Uremia (problem):
| Property | Diuresis | Uremia |
|---|---|---|
| Problem | Diuresis results in increased production of urine due to less secretion of ADH. | Uremia is the accumulation of high quantities of urea in blood due to inability of the kidneys to filter out wastes. |
(e) Difference between Malpighian capsule and Loop of Henle (location):
| Properties | Malpighian capsule | Loop of Henle |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Beginning of nephron | Between first and second convoluted tubule. |