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ICSE Class 10 Geography Question 10 of 13

Waste Management — II Safe Disposal of Waste — Question 1

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Question 1

How can segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable reduce the quantity of waste and can be utilised for generating sustainable energy?

Answer

Segregation allows for targeted management of waste. By separating biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, the overall quantity of waste sent to landfills decreases, reducing environmental impact. The segregated waste can be managed as follows:

  1. Composting — Biodegradable waste can be composted, converting it into nutrient-rich compost. Composting diverts organic waste from landfills, improves soil health, and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers.
  2. Waste-to-energy conversion — Non-biodegradable waste, like certain plastics, can be used for waste-to-energy processes such as incineration or gasification. This generates sustainable energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
  3. Anaerobic decomposition — Biodegradable waste, especially organic waste, can undergo anaerobic decomposition to produce biogas, a renewable energy source for heating, cooking, or electricity generation.
  4. Efficient waste management — Segregation streamlines reusing, recycling and disposal processes, improving overall waste management efficiency and promoting effective recycling and recovery of materials from non-biodegradable waste.