Question 1

Question 1Name the various types of plant tissues and state their functions.

Accepted Answer

Plant tissues are divided into two types:Meristematic tissue — They divide rapidly and continuously as a result of which the plant gains height. Based on their location in the plant body, they are of two types:Apical meristematic tissue — It is present at the root and shoot tips. It increases the length of the plant.Lateral meristematic tissue — This meristematic tissue is present on the lateral sides of the root and stem. This tissue is called the lateral meristematic tissue or cambium. It is responsible for the increase in the thickness of the roots and stem.Permanent tissue — These tissues perform specific functions. They are classified into two types:Simple permanent tissue — This tissue provides support and protection to plants and is further classified into two types:Protective tissue — Epidermis and Cork are two protective tissues in plants.Supporting tissue — Supporting tissue comprises of Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.Complex permanent tissue — The main function of these tissues is to transport water and food materials. Therefore, these tissues are also called conducting tissues. It comprises of Xylem and Phloem.

Question 2

Question 2State the differences between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues with diagrams.

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.ParenchymaCollenchymaSclerenchyma1.Cells are thin walledCells are thick walledCells have walls thickened with lignin2.Cells are livingCells are livingCells are dead3.Cells are oval, spherical or cylindrical in shapecells are circular, oval or polygonalCells are elongated and have tapering ends4.Present in all parts of plant bodyFound below epidermis in young stems and petiolesFound in stems and veins of leaves5.Intercellular spaces are presentIntercellular spaces are generally absent.Intercellular spaces are absent6.Participate in photosynthesis and store foodProvide structural support to growing stems and leaves.Provide mechanical strength to stem.The diagrams are shown below:ParenchymaCollenchymaSclerenchyma

Question 3

Question 3Explain the structure and functions of various types of conducting tissue.

Accepted Answer

The Conducting tissue has two elements:Xylem — Xylem is the water-conducting tissue of plants. It is composed of vessels, tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma.A xylem vessel is not one cell but a series of cells joined from end to end to form a long tube.Tracheids are usually long and narrow cells that taper at the ends. Both tracheids and vessels do not have living protoplasm at maturity. They are involved in the transportation of water from the roots to the upper parts of the plant.Fibres provide strength to the tissue. They also lack living protoplasm at maturity.Xylem parenchyma is the only living component of xylem. It helps in the conduction of water and also stores food.The below diagram shows the lateral section of Xylem tissue:Phloem — Phloem is the food-conducting tissue of plants. It is composed of different types of cells namely, sieve cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma. It consists of living cells with protoplasm in them.Sieve cells are elongated cells with minute pores. They do not have a nucleus at maturity. They help in the transportation of food prepared in the leaves to other parts of the plant.Phloem fibres provide mechanical strength to the plant.Phloem parenchyma cells are involved in the storage of reserve substances. Certain specialized parenchyma cells, closely associated with sieve cells are known as companion cells.The below diagram shows the lateral section of Phloem tissue:

Question 4

Question 4What are the various types of cells present in xylem? Write their functions.

Accepted Answer

The various types of cells present in xylem areXylem vessels — A xylem vessel is not one cell but a series of cells joined from end to end to form a long tube. Its function is transportation of water.Tracheids — Tracheids are usually long and narrow cells that taper at the ends. Both tracheids and vessels do not have living protoplasm at maturity. They are involved in the transportation of water from the roots to the upper parts of the plant.Fibres — Fibres provide strength to the tissue. They also lack living protoplasm at maturity.Xylem parenchyma — Xylem parenchyma is the only living component of xylem. It helps in the conduction of water and also stores food.

Question 5

Question 6Conducting tissue

Accepted Answer

Conducting tissue — The complex permanent tissues that transport food and water to different parts of plants are called conducting tissue. Xylem and Phloem are two conducting tissues in plants.

Question 6

Question 5xylem and phloem

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.XylemPhloem1.Transports water and minerals absorbed by the roots to other plant parts.Transports food manufactured in the leaves to other plant parts.2.Consists mainly of dead cells.Consists mainly of living cells.3.Conduction is unidirectional i.e. only upwards from the roots.Bidirectional conduction i.e. both upwards and downwards from the leaves.4.Located on the inner side of the vascular bundle.Located on outer side of the vascular bundle.

Question 7

Question 7Which of the following tissues are made up of dead cells?collenchymaphloemparenchymaxylem

Accepted Answer

XylemReason — All the parts of xylem are dead except xylem parenchyma.

Question 8

Question 8Phloem consists ofvessels, collenchyma and phloem fibres.tracheids, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.sieve cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.vessels, sieve tubes, xylem fibres and phloem parenchyma.

Accepted Answer

sieve cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchymaReason — Phloem consists of sieve cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.

Question 9

Question 9These are elongated cells with minute pores.phloem parenchymasieve cellsphloem fibrescompanion cells

Accepted Answer

sieve cellsReason — Sieve cells are elongated cells with minute pores.

Question 10

Question 10Vascular bundle consist ofparenchyma and sclerenchymacollenchyma and xylemphloem and vesselsxylem and phloem

Accepted Answer

xylem and phloemReason — Phloem and xylem together are called the vascular bundle.

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