Question 1
Name the various types of plant tissues and state their functions.
Plant tissues are divided into two types:
- Meristematic tissue — They divide rapidly and continuously as a result of which the plant gains height. Based on their location in the plant body, they are of two types:
- Apical meristematic tissue — It is present at the root and shoot tips. It increases the length of the plant.
- Lateral meristematic tissue — This meristematic tissue is present on the lateral sides of the root and stem. This tissue is called the lateral meristematic tissue or cambium. It is responsible for the increase in the thickness of the roots and stem.
- Permanent tissue — These tissues perform specific functions. They are classified into two types:
- Simple permanent tissue — This tissue provides support and protection to plants and is further classified into two types:
- Protective tissue — Epidermis and Cork are two protective tissues in plants.
- Supporting tissue — Supporting tissue comprises of Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.
- Complex permanent tissue — The main function of these tissues is to transport water and food materials. Therefore, these tissues are also called conducting tissues. It comprises of Xylem and Phloem.
- Simple permanent tissue — This tissue provides support and protection to plants and is further classified into two types:
Chapter 4: Tissue — ICSE Class VII Biology Notes
Complete ICSE Class VII Biology notes on Tissue covering meristematic and permanent plant tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem) and four animal tissue types with examples and diagrams.
Key Concepts and Topics
Topics covered: Meristematic tissue, Permanent tissue, Animal tissues, Xylem, Phloem
Weightage: Approximately 8 marks in the exam
Important Points to Remember
- Tissue: group of similar cells performing specific function
- Meristematic tissue: actively dividing cells at growth points
- Simple permanent: parenchyma (storage), collenchyma (flexibility), sclerenchyma (strength)
- Complex permanent: xylem (water up) and phloem (food both ways)
- Four animal tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
- Three muscle types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
- Blood is a connective tissue with liquid matrix
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is a tissue?
A: A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function together.
Q: What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
A: Xylem transports water upward and is made of dead cells. Phloem transports food in both directions and is made of living cells.
Q: Why is blood called a connective tissue?
A: Because it connects all body parts by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste, even though its matrix (plasma) is liquid.
Exam Preparation Tips
- Focus on understanding concepts rather than rote memorization
- Practice drawing and labelling diagrams regularly
- Use comparison tables for topics that require differentiation
- Solve previous year questions and practice papers
- Review the chapter notes provided by Bright Tutorials for comprehensive coverage
For complete chapter notes, practice questions, and test papers, contact Bright Tutorials at 9403781999.