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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 3 of 15

Industries — Question 4

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Question 4

What are the factors responsible for the establishment of an industry?

Answer

The factors responsible for the establishment of an industry are:

  1. Availability of large areas of level land
  2. Regular and assured supply of raw materials
  3. Cheap and adequate power supply
  4. Adequate supply of skilled labourers at reasonable wages
  5. An efficient network of transport at reasonable rates
  6. Nearness to market for quick sale of manufactured goods
  7. Some industries, such as paper, need large quantity of water. Thus, those industries are usually located near rivers, canals or lakes.
  8. Availability of capital from banks and the government
  9. Government policies

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries

Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation

Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India

Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
  • Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
  • Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
  • Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
  • Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries