Question 1

Question 2Classify industries on the basis of their size and ownership.

Accepted Answer

On the basis of sizeCottage industries — The cottage industries utilize local raw materials and basic tools and equipment. These industries are mostly found in rural areas. The products are mainly for sale in the local markets. Labour is supplied by the members of the family. Farmers or craftsmen in their free time make goods such as ropes, baskets and handloom cloth.Small-scale industries — They use power-driven machines. Raw materials are obtained from outside and goods are sold through traders. They are generally owned by an individual and employ less number of labourers. They produce cloth, paper goods, toys, furniture, machine parts, electrical goods, utensils and leather goods.Large-scale industries — They use heavy power-driven machines, huge capital investment, thousands of labourers and a complex management system. They bring in raw materials from far-off places and send the finished products to distant markets. Iron and steel mills, textile mills, transport equipment and petrochemicals are examples of large-scale industries.On the basis of ownershipPrivate sector industries — They are owned and managed by an individual or a group of individuals. Reliance Industries Limited, Tata Steel and Hindustan Motors are private sector industries.Public sector industries — They are owned and managed by the central or state governments or their agencies. Bhilai Steel Plant and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited are examples of public sector industries.Joint sector industries — They are owned and managed jointly by private firms and government agencies. Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited, Punjab National Bank and Oil India Limited are joint sector industries.Cooperative sector industries — They are owned and managed by a group of people. Generally the members are the producers of raw materials. Examples of such industries are handloom, food processing and dairy products.Multinational corporations — They are set up in collaboration with foreign investors. They are owned and managed by members of two or more countries. For example, Maruti Suzuki India Limited.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 2

Question 3Distinguish between mineral-based and forest-based industries.

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Mineral-based industriesForest-based industries1.Mineral-based industries obtain raw materials from rocks and minerals.Forest-based industries obtain raw materials from plants.2.Iron and steel, aluminium and cement are mineral-based industries.Paper, cardboard, rayon, lac, resin are forest-based industries.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 3

Question 4What are the factors responsible for the establishment of an industry?

Accepted Answer

The factors responsible for the establishment of an industry are:Availability of large areas of level landRegular and assured supply of raw materialsCheap and adequate power supplyAdequate supply of skilled labourers at reasonable wagesAn efficient network of transport at reasonable ratesNearness to market for quick sale of manufactured goodsSome industries, such as paper, need large quantity of water. Thus, those industries are usually located near rivers, canals or lakes.Availability of capital from banks and the governmentGovernment policies

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 4

Question 6What are the factors that have led to the growth of shipbuilding industry since the Second World War? Name three centres of shipbuilding in India.

Accepted Answer

The factors that have led to the growth of shipbuilding industry since the Second World War are:The development of iron and steel industry.The availability of skilled labourersThe three centres of shipbuilding in India are Kolkata, Kochi and Mumbai.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 5

Question 8Write two examples of highly-polluting industries. What preventive measures can be taken to control industrial pollution?

Accepted Answer

Two examples of highly-polluting industries are cement industry and Iron-steel industry.Following are the preventive measures that can be taken to control industrial pollution:The industrial wastes should be properly treated in waste treatment plants before they are discharged.More trees should be planted as trees reduce dust, smoke and other pollutants from the air.The government should take strict actions against those industries which discharge higher amount of pollutants into the environment than the level prescribed by the central or state Pollution Control Boards.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 6

Question 2Fill in the blanks:(a) Cuba is a major producer of ............... .(b) Bengaluru is the chief centre of ............... industry.(c) UK is known as ............... of modern textile industry.(d) ............... is known as Manchester of Japan.(e) The first successful textile mill was set up in ............... in ............... .

Accepted Answer

(a) Cuba is a major producer of Sugar(b) Bengaluru is the chief centre of IT industry.(c) UK is known as birth place of modern textile industry.(d) Osaka is known as Manchester of Japan.(e) The first successful textile mill was set up in Mumbai in 1954

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 7

Question 5(b)How industries pollute our water resources? State any one preventive measure.

Accepted Answer

Industrial waste is major source of water pollution. Various industries like chemicals, paper, tanning, dyeing, textiles, sugar, jute, etc. produce millions of tons of industrial waste, both in solid and liquid form. The entire waste is thrown into water bodies or in open low-lying areas. This waste affects the surface water as well as ground water.The industrial waste should be collected from source and managed on scientific basis in order to prevent water pollution.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 8

Question 5(d)Why is cotton textile concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat?

Accepted Answer

The ideal geographical factors such as black soil, plenty of fresh water, transport facility and rich hinterland are some of the factors for the development of the cotton textile industry in the region of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 9

Question 5(f)What is the difference between information technology and software industry?

Accepted Answer

Information technology is the use of computer to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data or information, often in the context of business or other enterprise. Whereas the software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models.Every software company is an IT company but every IT company may not be a software company. For example, a hardware company is an IT company but not a software company. IT company is the general term. It may be an IT service company or software product company.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 10

Question 5(g)State any three advantages of industrialisation.

Accepted Answer

Three advantages of industrialisation areIt leads to an increase in per capita income and provide goods to meet high-income demands.It provides increasing avenues for employment of new skilled labour force.It improves national income and provides a higher standard of living for the general population.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 11

Question 5(h)What is the difference between Agro-based and mineral based industry? Give one example of each.

Accepted Answer

Agro-based industries are those industries which depend on agriculture for supply of their raw materials. E.g. Sugar industry.Mineral-based industries are industries which receive their raw materials from minerals. E.g. Iron and Steel industry.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 12

Question 5(i)Where is the famous ship building yard located? Where is ship-building industry located in India?

Accepted Answer

The famous ship building yards are located in Chicago, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, New york, Hundai etc. In India, major shipyards are Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata and Mumbai.

Source: This question is from Industries, Geography &mdash; Class 7, ICSE Board.
Key Concepts CoveredThis question tests your understanding of the following concepts from the chapter Industries: Question, Famous, Ship, Building, Yard, Located. These are fundamental topics in Geography that students are expected to master as part of the ICSE Class 7 curriculum.A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you answer similar questions confidently in your ICSE examinations. These topics are frequently tested in both objective and subjective sections of Geography papers. We recommend revising the relevant section of your textbook alongside practising these solved examples to build a strong foundation.
How to Approach This QuestionRead the question carefully and identify what is being asked. Break down complex questions into smaller parts. Use the terminology and concepts discussed in this chapter. Structure your answer logically — begin with a definition or key statement, then provide supporting details. Review your answer to ensure it addresses all parts of the question completely.
Key Points to RememberReference specific locations, latitudes, or regions in your answers.
Explain both physical and human factors where applicable.
Use map references and diagrams to strengthen answers.
Link geographic concepts to current real-world examples.
Related Questions from IndustriesQ1: Question 2 Fill in the blanks: (a) Cuba is a major producer of ............... . (b) Bengaluru is...
Q10: Question 5(g) State any three advantages of industrialisation.
Q11: Question 5(h) What is the difference between Agro-based and mineral based industry? Give one...
Q13: Question 5(j) Define mini steel plant.
Q14: Question 5(k) State any three problems of sugar industries.
Practice more questions from Industries &mdash; Geography, Class 7 ICSE

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 13

Question 5(j)Define mini steel plant.

Accepted Answer

Steel plants that do not do all the processes under one complex are known as mini-steel plants. They use scrap iron and spong iron which is easily available. They are decentralised secondary units. They use electric furnaces instead of blast furnaces.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 14

Question 5(k)State any three problems of sugar industries.

Accepted Answer

The sugar industry face challenges such as:Old and inefficient methods of production.Lack of efficient transportation.Fluctuations in the output of sugarcane due to erratic nature of monsoons.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Question 15

Question 5(l)Name the by-product of sugar industry with one use of each.

Accepted Answer

The by-products of the sugar industry are:Molasses — It is used in manufacture of fertilizer, DDT, power alcohol, synthetic rubber, plastic, rum, chemicals and cattle feed.Bagasse — It serves as raw material for paper industry. It is also used for making cardboard.Press mud — It is used for making wax, shoe polish and carbon paper.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries
  Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries
    Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation
    Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India
    Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students
    
      IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
      Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
      Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
      Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
      Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries

Industries

Answer these questions

Exercise