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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 7 of 15

Industries — Question 5

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Question 5(b)

How industries pollute our water resources? State any one preventive measure.

Answer

Industrial waste is major source of water pollution. Various industries like chemicals, paper, tanning, dyeing, textiles, sugar, jute, etc. produce millions of tons of industrial waste, both in solid and liquid form. The entire waste is thrown into water bodies or in open low-lying areas. This waste affects the surface water as well as ground water.

The industrial waste should be collected from source and managed on scientific basis in order to prevent water pollution.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries

Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation

Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India

Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
  • Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
  • Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
  • Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
  • Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries