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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 7 of 15

Weather and Climate — Question 2

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Question 3

Distinguish between the following:

(i) Climate and Weather

(ii) Absolute and Relative humidity

(iii) Diurnal range of temperature and annual range of temperature

Answer

(i) Difference between Climate and Weather:

ClimateWeather
Climate is the average weather condition of a region over a long period of almost 30 years.Weather is the day-to-day condition of atmosphere of a place.
Climate involves systematic observation recording and processing of the various elements of climate, i.e. air pressure, humidity, winds, clouds and sunshine.The weather condition may include wind, temperature, snow, rain, storm or sunshine which changes frequently.

(ii) Difference between Absolute and Relative humidity:

Absolute humidityRelative humidity
Absolute humidity is the actual amount of water vapour present in the air.It is the ratio between the actual amount of water vapour and the total amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature.
It is expressed in grams per cubic metre.It is expressed as percentage.

(iii) Difference between Diurnal range of temperature and annual range of temperature:

Diurnal range of temperatureAnnual range of temperature
The difference between the maximum and minimum daily temperature is known as diurnal temperature range.The difference between the hottest and coldest months, with monthly mean temperatures, is called the annual temperature range.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 2: Weather and Climate

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 2

Weather vs Climate — What is the Difference?

Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time — it changes rapidly. Climate is the average weather conditions of a place recorded over 30 or more years — it changes very slowly. For example, "It is raining today" describes weather, while "Mumbai gets heavy monsoon rain in July-August" describes climate.

Elements of Weather and Their Instruments

Weather has six main elements, each measured by a specific instrument: temperature (thermometer), atmospheric pressure (barometer), humidity (hygrometer), rainfall (rain gauge), wind speed (anemometer), and wind direction (wind vane). Understanding these elements and instruments is essential for ICSE Geography.

Factors Affecting Climate

Six main factors determine the climate of a place: Latitude (nearer the equator = hotter), Altitude (temperature drops 6.5°C per 1,000 m — the Normal Lapse Rate), Distance from the sea (coastal areas have moderate climate), Ocean currents (warm currents raise temperature), Prevailing winds (sea winds bring rain), and Mountain barriers (windward side gets rain, leeward side is the rain shadow).

Climate Zones and Types of Rainfall

The world is divided into three climate zones: Torrid (0°-23.5°, hot), Temperate (23.5°-66.5°, moderate), and Frigid (66.5°-90°, extremely cold). There are three types of rainfall: convectional (heated air rises, common near equator), orographic (wind forced up mountains, windward rain), and cyclonic (warm and cold air masses meet, common in temperate regions).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • Weather = short-term, Climate = long-term average
  • Normal Lapse Rate: temperature drops 6.5°C for every 1,000 m rise
  • Learn to draw diagrams for all three types of rainfall
  • Know which instrument measures which element
  • Understand why coastal cities like Mumbai have moderate climate while inland cities like Nagpur have extreme climate