Question 1

Question 1What is the difference between weather and climate?

Accepted Answer

Weather is defined as the state of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, precipitation and winds in the atmosphere at a given place and time. The conditions of different elements of weather keep changing from time to time and from place to place. Thus, the change in weather is a continuous phenomenon. Climate is defined as the average overall condition of the air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, precipitation and winds over a large region and for a long period of time. The climate of a place remains more or less the same year after year.

Question 2

Question 3What is atmospheric pressure? What are the causes for the variations in the atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

The atmosphere exerts its weight as pressure on the earth's surface. This is called atmospheric pressure.The variations in the atmospheric pressure on the earth's surface is due to:Temperature of the airDensity of the airHeight of a place above the mean sea levelAmount of moisture present in the air.

Question 3

Question 4Write three differences between planetary and periodic winds.

Accepted Answer

Three differences between planetary and periodic winds are:Sl.No.Planetary WindsPeriodic Winds1.Planetary winds blow constantly in a particular direction throughout the year.Periodic winds blow in a definite direction during a particular period of the day or year.2.Planetary winds originate due to the presence of permanent high pressure and low pressure belts on the earth's surface.Periodic winds are caused due to unequal heating and cooling of the earth's surface.3.Planetary winds do not have any tendency to reverse their direction periodically.Periodic winds have tendency to reverse their direction periodically.

Question 4

Question 5Distinguish between absolute humidity and relative humidity.

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Absolute HumidityRelative Humidity1.It is the actual amount of water vapour present in air.It is the ratio between the actual amount of water vapour present in the air at a given temperature and the maximum capacity of the air to hold moisture at that temperature.2.It determines the amount of precipitation.It tells about the possibility of precipitation.3.It is expressed in grams per cubic metre.It is expressed in percentage.

Question 5

Question 6Name the different forms of condensation and precipitation.

Accepted Answer

The different forms of condensation are:Dew — In winters, the moist air comes in contact with cold surfaces and the water vapour condenses on them. The water droplets thus formed are called dew.Frost — If the temperature falls below freezing point, tiny ice crystals are formed in place of water droplets. This is called frost.Clouds — When water droplets condense around dust or smoke particles in the air, the mass thus formed is called cloud.The different forms of precipitation are:Rain — When precipitation occurs in the form of water drops, it is called rain.Drizzle — It is a light continuous rainfall in which the rain drops are of very small size.Hail — It is a kind of solid precipitation consisting of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone.Snow — When air temperature is below freezing point, the water vapour present in clouds condenses to form tiny ice crystals called snow.Sleet — When snow and rain fall together, it is called sleet.

Question 6

Question 7What is rain? Classify rainfall and explain convectional rainfall with a labelled diagram.

Accepted Answer

When precipitation occurs in the form of water drops, it is called rain and it is the most important form of precipitation. Rainfall can be classified into three types. They are:Orographic rainfallConvectional rainfallCyclonic rainfallConvectional rainfall — When air comes in contact with the hot surface of the earth, it gets heated, becomes light and rises in form of air current. After the warm air current reaches the upper layers of the atmosphere, it expands and loses heat. This leads to condensation and the formation of cumulus clouds. These clouds give sudden and heavy rainfall accompanied by thunder and lightning. Convectional rainfall occurs every day in the equatorial region.

Question 7

Question 3Distinguish between the following:(i) Climate and Weather(ii) Absolute and Relative humidity(iii) Diurnal range of temperature and annual range of temperature

Accepted Answer

(i) Difference between Climate and Weather:ClimateWeatherClimate is the average weather condition of a region over a long period of almost 30 years.Weather is the day-to-day condition of atmosphere of a place.Climate involves systematic observation recording and processing of the various elements of climate, i.e. air pressure, humidity, winds, clouds and sunshine.The weather condition may include wind, temperature, snow, rain, storm or sunshine which changes frequently.(ii) Difference between Absolute and Relative humidity:Absolute humidityRelative humidityAbsolute humidity is the actual amount of water vapour present in the air.It is the ratio between the actual amount of water vapour and the total amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature.It is expressed in grams per cubic metre.It is expressed as percentage.(iii) Difference between Diurnal range of temperature and annual range of temperature:Diurnal range of temperatureAnnual range of temperatureThe difference between the maximum and minimum daily temperature is known as diurnal temperature range.The difference between the hottest and coldest months, with monthly mean temperatures, is called the annual temperature range.

Question 8

Question 4(f)What are weather maps used for?

Accepted Answer

Weather maps show weather facts about a specific place at a given time. They are used to predict weather. Weather forecasting helps farmers, fishermen, soldiers, navigators and pilots in many ways. Disaster management is not possible without weather maps and charts.

Question 9

Question 1(i)The actual amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere isActual vapourAbsolute humidityRelative humidityHumidity

Accepted Answer

Absolute humidity

Question 10

Question 1(j)The atmospheric pressure at the sea level is1013 gm/sq cm4301 gm/sq cm1034 gm/sq m4301 km/sq cm

Accepted Answer

1013 gm/sq cm

Question 11

Question 1(k)Temperature at which air gets saturated.Frost pointHail pointSleet pointDew point

Accepted Answer

Dew point

Question 12

Question 1(l)Lines on weather map joining places having equal pressure are calledIsohyetsIsohalesIsobarsIsotherm

Accepted Answer

Isobars

Question 13

Question 1(m)Scales measuring the force of winds at seaPrimary scaleVerbal scaleBeaufort scaleStatement scale

Accepted Answer

Beaufort scale

Question 14

Question 1(n)Winds are attracted towardsLow pressure regionHigh pressure regionLow temperature regionHigh temperature region

Accepted Answer

Low pressure region

Question 15

Question 1(o)Lines on a weather map joining places having equal amount of precipitationIsobarIsohyetIsohaleIsotherm

Accepted Answer

Isohyet

Weather and Climate

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