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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 5 of 15

Weather and Climate — Question 6

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Question 6

Name the different forms of condensation and precipitation.

Answer

The different forms of condensation are:

  1. Dew — In winters, the moist air comes in contact with cold surfaces and the water vapour condenses on them. The water droplets thus formed are called dew.
  2. Frost — If the temperature falls below freezing point, tiny ice crystals are formed in place of water droplets. This is called frost.
  3. Clouds — When water droplets condense around dust or smoke particles in the air, the mass thus formed is called cloud.

The different forms of precipitation are:

  1. Rain — When precipitation occurs in the form of water drops, it is called rain.
  2. Drizzle — It is a light continuous rainfall in which the rain drops are of very small size.
  3. Hail — It is a kind of solid precipitation consisting of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone.
  4. Snow — When air temperature is below freezing point, the water vapour present in clouds condenses to form tiny ice crystals called snow.
  5. Sleet — When snow and rain fall together, it is called sleet.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 2: Weather and Climate

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 2

Weather vs Climate — What is the Difference?

Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time — it changes rapidly. Climate is the average weather conditions of a place recorded over 30 or more years — it changes very slowly. For example, "It is raining today" describes weather, while "Mumbai gets heavy monsoon rain in July-August" describes climate.

Elements of Weather and Their Instruments

Weather has six main elements, each measured by a specific instrument: temperature (thermometer), atmospheric pressure (barometer), humidity (hygrometer), rainfall (rain gauge), wind speed (anemometer), and wind direction (wind vane). Understanding these elements and instruments is essential for ICSE Geography.

Factors Affecting Climate

Six main factors determine the climate of a place: Latitude (nearer the equator = hotter), Altitude (temperature drops 6.5°C per 1,000 m — the Normal Lapse Rate), Distance from the sea (coastal areas have moderate climate), Ocean currents (warm currents raise temperature), Prevailing winds (sea winds bring rain), and Mountain barriers (windward side gets rain, leeward side is the rain shadow).

Climate Zones and Types of Rainfall

The world is divided into three climate zones: Torrid (0°-23.5°, hot), Temperate (23.5°-66.5°, moderate), and Frigid (66.5°-90°, extremely cold). There are three types of rainfall: convectional (heated air rises, common near equator), orographic (wind forced up mountains, windward rain), and cyclonic (warm and cold air masses meet, common in temperate regions).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • Weather = short-term, Climate = long-term average
  • Normal Lapse Rate: temperature drops 6.5°C for every 1,000 m rise
  • Learn to draw diagrams for all three types of rainfall
  • Know which instrument measures which element
  • Understand why coastal cities like Mumbai have moderate climate while inland cities like Nagpur have extreme climate