Question 1

Question 4State the various physical changes that occur during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The various physical changes that occur during adolescence are:Sexual maturation — In males testes start producing testosterone and sperms. In females, the ovaries start releasing eggs and produce the female hormones, oestrogen and progesterone. Sex organs develop fully and secondary sexual characteristics like enlargement of external genital organs in males and enlargement of breasts in females also start.Increase in height — There is a spurt in growth hormone leading to sudden increase in height due to the elongation of the bones of the legs and arms. Age by which full height is attained is 14 to 15 years for girls and 18 to 19 years for boys.Change in body appearance — In males, the shoulders become broad and the chest becomes wide.The muscles also grow and develop more than in girls. In females, there is widening of the pelvic region and broadening of the hips. The breasts also develop and enlarge in size. Also in both males and females, hair starts growing in the armpit and pubic area. In males, facial hair (as beard and mustache) grows.Change in voice — There is growth in the voice box or larynx. It grows more in males than in females. As a result, males develop deep voice whereas females develop a high-pitched voice.

Question 2

Question 5State any two methods to counter and manage stress.

Accepted Answer

Two methods to counter and manage stress are:Meditation — In meditation, mind is allowed to rest by taking deep breaths and having positive thoughts without thinking much about the mistakes or weaknesses.Yoga — Regular yoga helps to overcome stress. So, we should devote some time to it every day.

Question 3

Question 3Write the function of the pituitary gland in our body.

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is also known as master gland. Its functions are:It controls the functioning of all other endocrine glands.It secretes growth hormones which control the overall development or growth of the body, muscles and bones.It increases rate of protein synthesis.

Question 4

Question 1Endocrine and exocrine glands

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.Endocrine glandsExocrine glands1.Endocrine glands are specialized glands which release their secretions directly into cells or the surrounding tissue.Exocrine glands are glands which release their secretions through ducts to the target organ.2.Endocrine glands are ductless glands.Exocrine glands are glands with ducts.3.Endocrine glands secrete hormones.Exocrine glands secrete enzymes.4.Response time is slower since the secretion has to be carried through blood.Response time is fast since the secretion is carried through ducts.5.They control long term activities of the target organ.They control short term activity.6.Examples are: Pituitary gland and thyroid glandExamples are: Salivary glands and sweat glands

Question 5

Question 2Thyroxine and insulin

Accepted Answer

Sl.No.ThyroxineInsulin1.It is secreted by thyroid gland.It is secreted by islet of Langerhans.2.It regulates the rate of cellular metabolism and body temperature.It regulates the amount of of glucose in the blood and conversion of glucose into glycogen.3.Irregular secretion leads to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.Irregular secretion leads to diabetes.

Question 6

Question 6Which of the following glands is both endocrine as well as exocrine?thyroidpituitarypancreasadrenal

Accepted Answer

pancreasReason — Pancreas acts as both endocrine as well as exocrine because its exocrine part — ducts of acini release pancreatic fluid (digestive juice) and endocrine part — islet of Langerhans secrete insulin hormone.

Question 7

Question 7Which of the following hormone regulates the amount of glucose in the blood?growth hormoneinsulinadrenalineauxin

Accepted Answer

insulinReason — Insulin converts extra glucose of blood into glycogen which is stored in liver.

Endocrine System in Humans

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