5
Question Question 5
State any two methods to counter and manage stress.
Two methods to counter and manage stress are:
- Meditation — In meditation, mind is allowed to rest by taking deep breaths and having positive thoughts without thinking much about the mistakes or weaknesses.
- Yoga — Regular yoga helps to overcome stress. So, we should devote some time to it every day.
BRIGHT TUTORIALS
BRIGHT TUTORIALS
ICSE Class VIII | Academic Year 2026-2027
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Biology | Chapter 7: Endocrine SystemWeb Content
Endocrine System – Interactive Study Guide
Quick Overview
The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and response to stress.
Endocrine vs Exocrine at a Glance
| Feature | Endocrine | Exocrine |
|---|---|---|
| Ducts | Ductless | Have ducts |
| Secretion | Hormones (into blood) | Enzymes, sweat (through ducts) |
| Examples | Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal | Salivary, sweat, liver |
Master Table: Glands, Hormones, Functions
| Gland | Hormone | Function | Disorder |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pituitary | GH | Growth | Dwarfism / Gigantism |
| Thyroid | Thyroxine | Metabolism (needs iodine) | Goitre / Cretinism |
| Parathyroid | Parathormone | Calcium regulation | Tetany |
| Adrenal | Adrenaline | Fight-or-flight | Addison's disease |
| Pancreas | Insulin / Glucagon | Blood sugar regulation | Diabetes mellitus |
| Testes | Testosterone | Male characters | — |
| Ovaries | Oestrogen | Female characters | — |
Feedback Mechanism
How It Works
High hormone level → Gland reduces production. Low hormone level → Gland increases production.
Example: High blood sugar → Insulin released → Sugar absorbed by cells → Sugar drops → Insulin production stops.
Self-Test Questions
Test Yourself
- Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
- What is goitre? How can it be prevented?
- Differentiate between insulin and glucagon.
- What happens during a fight-or-flight response?
- Explain the feedback mechanism with the example of blood sugar.