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ICSE Class 8 Biology Question 6 of 16

The Circulatory System — Question 8

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Question 4

During surgical operations or during accidents, the patient may be given blood from outside to save his life. What is the technical name of this process ? Briefly explain the precautions to be observed and taken in this process.

Answer

This process is known as blood transfusion. The following precautions are to be observed for blood transfusion:

  1. Checking the compatibility of the donor's blood group with that of the recipient.
  2. It should be made sure clinically that the blood of the donor is free from any infections.
  3. The donor's hemoglobin level is checked.
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Biology | Chapter 8: Circulatory SystemWeb Content

Circulatory System – Interactive Study Guide

Quick Overview

The circulatory system transports blood, oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of the heart (pump), blood (transport medium), and blood vessels (pipelines).

Blood Components

ComponentFunctionKey Fact
Plasma (55%)Transports dissolved substances90% water, carries nutrients, hormones, waste
RBCCarry oxygenBiconcave disc, no nucleus, contain haemoglobin
WBCFight infectionsHave nucleus, larger than RBC, immune defence
PlateletsBlood clottingCell fragments, no nucleus

Blood Group Quick Reference

ABO System

O = Universal Donor (no antigens) | AB = Universal Recipient (no antibodies)

GroupAntigenAntibody
AAanti-B
BBanti-A
ABA & BNone
ONoneanti-A & anti-B

Heart – Quick Facts

  • 4 chambers: RA, RV, LA, LV
  • 4 valves: Tricuspid (R), Bicuspid (L), 2 Semilunar
  • Septum divides right (deoxy) from left (oxy)
  • Left ventricle = thickest wall

Double Circulation

Two Circuits

Pulmonary: RV → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → LA

Systemic: LV → Aorta → Body → Vena cava → RA

Blood Vessels Comparison

ArteriesVeinsCapillaries
DirectionAway from heartTo heartConnect A to V
WallsThickThin1 cell thick
ValvesNoYesNo

Self-Test Questions

Test Yourself
  1. Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right?
  2. Draw and label the human heart.
  3. What is double circulation? Describe both circuits.
  4. Why is blood group O called universal donor?
  5. What is the function of valves in veins?

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