Question 1

Question 1(ii)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets [].Algae and Fungi [modes of nutrition]

Accepted Answer

Differences between Algae and Fungi on the basis of modes of nutrition:AlgaeFungiThey have chlorophyll. Thus, they can prepare their own food via photosynthesis.Due to absence of chlorophyll, they do not prepare their own food. They mostly live on dead, decaying organic matter.

Question 2

Question 1(iii)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets [].Bryophytes and Pteridophytes [vegetative parts of the plant]

Accepted Answer

Differences between Bryophytes and Pteridophytes on the basis of vegetative parts of the plant:BryophytesPteridophytesBryophytes have stems and leaves, but no roots. Instead, they have thread—like structures called rhizoids which stick to the surface and absorb water.Pteridophytes bear well-formed leaves, stems and roots, but do not produce flowers and seeds. Their leaves produce small rounded bodies on their undersurface. These bodies contain tiny spores which get scattered to produce new plants.

Question 3

Question 1(iv)Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets [].Gymnosperms and Angiosperms [reproductive structures]

Accepted Answer

Differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms on the basis of reproductive structures:GymnospermsAngiospermsReproductive structures are unisexual cones (male or female) that bear the seeds.Reproductive structures are unisexual or bisexual flowers. The seeds develop within the female part of the flower, called ovary.

Question 4

Question 2Draw a neat, generalized diagram of a bacterium and label its six important parts. Answer the following questions.(i) Name the kingdom to which it belongs.(ii) Write two characteristic features of the kingdom.(iii) Name the gelatinous, proteinaceous covering which surrounds the cell wall.(iv) Mention two cellular organelles which are absent in bacterium.(v) Write the scientific name of a comma-shaped bacterium.

Accepted Answer

The generalized diagram of a bacterium is given below:(i) Bacterium belongs to Kingdom Monera.(ii) Two characteristic features of Kingdom Monera are:Kingdom Monera includes microscopic, unicellular or single celled organisms.They have a cell wall, but no nucleus. Hence, they are called Prokaryotic.(iii) The cell wall is surrounded by a gelatinous or proteinaceous covering called 'capsule'.(iv) Nucleolus and Mitochondria are two cellular organelles which are absent in bacterium.(v) The scientific name of a comma-shaped bacterium is Vibrio.Example- Vibrio cholerae.

Question 5

Question 3Given alongside is the figure of an organism. Study the same and answer the following questions.(i) Identify the organism.(ii) Is it a plant/ animal ? Give reason in support of your answer.(iii) Label the guidelines 1 to 6 shown in the figure.(iv) Which kingdom does it belong to ?(v) Write one important role of the parts shown as 3 and 6.

Accepted Answer

(i) The organism shown in the given figure is Amoeba.(ii) No, Amoeba is neither a plant nor an animal. Amoebas lack chlorophyll and the ability to photosynthesize, unlike plants. Animals have specialized tissues and organs, which amoebas lack. Hence, Amoeba don't fall under either category.(iii) The guidelines 1 to 6 are:      1 → Food Vacuole      2 → Nucleus      3 → Pseudopodium      4 → Cell Membrane      5 → Cytoplasm      6 → Contractile Vacuole(iv) Amoeba is a single-celled organism classified under the Kingdom Protista.(v) Part 3 (Pseudopodium) — Pseudopodium is the organ of locomotion in an Amoeba. It helps amoeba move in the direction it wants to move in.Part 6 (Contractile Vacuole) — Excess ammonia (waste) and water gets expelled out of the body of Amoeba from Contractile Vacuole.

Question 6

Question 4Study the figure given alongside and answer the following questions :(i) Identify the organism. Write its common name as well as scientific name.(ii) Label the guidelines 1 to 5.(iii) Which kingdom does it belong to ?(iv) Write one important role of a part shown as 2.(v) Mention one very specific feature of this category of plants.

Accepted Answer

(i) The organism shown in the given figure is Bread Mould (fungi). While it is commonly known as Bread Mould, its scientific name is Rhizopus.(ii) The guidelines 1 to 5 are:      1 → Spores      2 → Sporangium      3 → Sporangiophore      4 → Rhizoids      5 → Node(iii) Bread Mould belongs to Kingdom Fungi.(iv) Sporangium are the spore containing bodies. When the sporangium bursts open, the spores are dispersed into the air. When they land on a suitable substratum, each can grow to form a new mycelium.(v) This category of plants live on dead, decaying organic matter, so they are called Saprophytes.

Question 7

Question 5Briefly explain four types of bacteria on the basis of their shape.

Accepted Answer

Four types of bacteria on the basis of their shape are:Coccus — These are spherical or ovoid in shape.Bacillus — These are rod-shaped. They may occur singly or in groups of two or three, joined end to end in long chains.Spirillum — These are spiral-shaped bacteria.Vibrio — These are comma-shaped bacteria. For example, Vibrio cholerae.

Question 8

Question 6(i)Give reasons for the following:Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Accepted Answer

The Bryophytes are found on damp surfaces in moist places. They are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they need water to reproduce. Like amphibians they need water as well as land to complete their life-cycle.

Question 9

Question 6(ii)Give reasons for the following:Amoeba does not have any regular shape.

Accepted Answer

Amoeba has cell membrane as the outer covering of body. The cell membrane is a flexible structure which enables Amoeba to change its shape. Also, the Amoeba moves by extending the cytoplasm along the cell membrane, forming a finger-like structure known as Pseudopodia.

Question 10

Question 7What is a contractile vacuole? State its function in Amoeba.

Accepted Answer

The contractile vacuole is a vacuole in which the excess of water from the body of the amoeba is collected. The function of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba is excretion. Ammonia is the main waste product of amoeba which dissolves in water and is excreted through the general body surface by simple process of diffusion.

Question 11

Question 8List out five uses each of bacteria and fungi in our lives.

Accepted Answer

Five uses of Bacteria are:Bacteria are used to make antibiotic medicines like Streptomycin.Lactobacillus bacteria are used for curdling of milk.Acetobacter bacteria is used to make vinegar from fruit juices.Bacteria are used in tanning of leather and retting of jute.Bacteria causes decay of organic materials, forming manures and composts.Five uses of Fungi:Fungi are important source of food. For example: Agaricus and MorchellaYeast is used in baking industry and in the breweries for making alcohol.Fungi are good decomposers. They decompose the organic matter and return the nutrient back into the soil.Penicillium notatum is used to make penicillin, an important antibiotic.Some species of Mucor and Penicillium are also used in ripening of cheese.

Question 12

Question 5Given below are sets of four terms. Choose the odd one and write the category for the remaining terms.Typhoid, Tuberculosis, COVID-19, CholeraAmoeba, Bacteria, Paramecium, ChlamydomonasPenicillium, Agaricus, Mucor, SpirogyraPine, Fir, Deodar, CedarBrinjal, Rice, Grass, Maize

Accepted Answer

Odd one — COVID-19Category of the remaining terms — Bacterial diseasesOdd one — BacteriaCategory of the remaining terms — ProtistsOdd one — SpirogyraCategory of the remaining terms — FungiOdd one — DeodarCategory of the remaining terms — GymnospermsOdd one — BrinjalCategory of the remaining terms — Monocotyledons

Question 13

Question 6Name the categories of the following:Plants which do not have roots, stem, and leaves: ...............Plants with no roots, but have stems and leaves: ................Plants with roots, stems, and leaves, and which bear spore-producing bodies: ...............The amphibians of the plant kingdom: ...............

Accepted Answer

Plants which do not have roots, stem, and leaves — AlgaePlants with no roots, but have stems and leaves — BryophytaPlants with roots, stems, and leaves, and which bear spore-producing bodies — PteridophytaThe amphibians of the plant kingdom — Bryophyta

Question 14

Question 7Match the items given under column I with those given under column II:Column IColumn II(i) Bread mould(a) Has chlorophyll(ii) Spirogyra(b) Leaves with spores(iii) Moss(c) Naked seeds(iv) Fern(d) Saprophytes(v) Gymnosperm(e) Has rhizoids

Accepted Answer

Column IColumn II(i) Bread mould(d) Saprophytes(ii) Spirogyra(a) Has chlorophyll(iii) Moss(e) Has rhizoids(iv) Fern(b) Leaves with spores(v) Gymnosperm(c) Naked seeds

Question 15

Question 1Define the terms given below :ClassificationBinary fissionPseudopodiaSymbiosisMycelium

Accepted Answer

Classification — Classification is a system of arranging living organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.Binary fission — In a full-grown Amoeba, first the nucleus divides into two, and then the rest of the cell divides in a way that each half gets one daughter nucleus. This process is called binary fission.Pseudopodia — Pseudopodia (meaning false feet) is the organ of locomotion in an amoeba.Symbiosis — Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term interaction between two different types of organisms. For example, Rhizobium bacteria lives in the root nodules of leguminous plants. These bacteria provide food to the host plant and the host plant in turn provides shelter to the bacteria.Mycelium — A network of hyphae is called mycelium.

Question 16

Question 5Give two characteristics and one example for each of the following:AlgaeFungiMonocotDicotBryophytaPteridophytaGymnosperms

Accepted Answer

Two characteristics of Algae are:They are aquatic in habitat.They have chlorophyll and hence they are autotrophs.Example — SpirogyraTwo characteristics of Fungi are:Body is composed of thread like structure called hyphae.Chlorophyll is absent and they show heterotrophic nutrition.Example — Agaricus (Mushroom)Two characteristics of Monocot are:Seeds have a single cotyledon.Leaves have parallel venation and roots are fibrous.Example — MaizeTwo characteristics of Dicot are:Seeds have two cotyledons.Leaves with reticulate venation and roots show tap root system.Example — PeaTwo characteristics of Bryophyta are:They have leaves and stems but no roots.They have root like structure known as rhizoids.Example — MossTwo characteristics of Pteridophyta are:They have well formed leaves, stems and roots.They do not produce flowers and seeds.Example — FernTwo characteristics of Gymnosperm are:Flowers and fruits are absent.Bear naked seeds which are not enclosed in a fruit.Example — Pine

Classification of Plants

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