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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 9 of 15

Industries — Question 9

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Question 5(f)

What is the difference between information technology and software industry?

Answer

Information technology is the use of computer to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data or information, often in the context of business or other enterprise. Whereas the software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models.

Every software company is an IT company but every IT company may not be a software company. For example, a hardware company is an IT company but not a software company. IT company is the general term. It may be an IT service company or software product company.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries

Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation

Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India

Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
  • Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
  • Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
  • Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
  • Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries