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ICSE Class 7 Geography Question 10 of 15

Industries — Question 10

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Question

Question 5(g)

State any three advantages of industrialisation.

Answer

Three advantages of industrialisation are

  1. It leads to an increase in per capita income and provide goods to meet high-income demands.
  2. It provides increasing avenues for employment of new skilled labour force.
  3. It improves national income and provides a higher standard of living for the general population.

ICSE Class VII Geography — Chapter 8: Industries

Bright Tutorials | ICSE Class VII | Geography | Chapter 8

Types of Industries

Industries are classified by sector: Primary (extracting natural resources — farming, mining, fishing), Secondary (manufacturing — converting raw materials into products), and Tertiary (services — transport, banking, IT, tourism). They are also classified as large-scale vs small-scale, and heavy (bulky raw materials) vs light (small raw materials).

Factors of Industrial Localisation

Eight factors determine where industries are located: raw materials (heavy industries near sources), power/energy, labour (skilled or unskilled), transport (roads, railways, ports), market (near consumers), capital (investment), water supply, and government policy (tax incentives, SEZs). A steel plant locates near iron ore and coal, while a bakery locates near its customers in a city.

Major Industries of India

Key Indian industries include: Iron and Steel (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro), Cotton Textiles (Mumbai "Cottonopolis," Ahmedabad "Manchester of India"), IT (Bengaluru "Silicon Valley of India," Hyderabad, Pune), Sugar (UP, Maharashtra), and Jute (West Bengal). World industrial regions include the Ruhr Valley (Germany), Silicon Valley (USA), and Keihin (Japan).

Key Takeaways for ICSE Class VII Students

  • IT is a TERTIARY industry (services), not secondary
  • Know all 8 factors of industrial localisation with examples
  • Jamshedpur = oldest steel plant (1907, Tata), Bhilai = largest public sector
  • Mark all industrial centres on India map for exam preparation
  • Always mention environmental impact when discussing industries