Question 1

Question 1(a)Distinguish between the following pair on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets.Exocrine and Endocrine glands (secretion)

Accepted Answer

Difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands on the basis of secretion:CharacteristicExocrine glandsEndocrine glandsSecretionExocrine glands secrete their products like sweat, enzyme, mucus, sebum, saliva, milk, etc. into ducts.Endocrine glands secrete their products, known as hormones, directly into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Question 1(b)Distinguish between the following pair on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets.Cretinism and Myxoedema (symptoms)

Accepted Answer

Difference between Cretinism and Myxoedema on the basis of symptoms:CharacteristicCretinismMyxoedemaSymptomsCretinism occurs in infants resulting in physical and mental retardation.Myxoedema occurs in adults and is characterised by symptoms such as sluggishness with swelling on face and hands.

Question 3

Question 1(c)Distinguish between the following pair on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets.Insulin and Glucagon (function)

Accepted Answer

Difference between Insulin and Glucagon on the basis of function:CharacteristicInsulinGlucagonFunctionInsulin lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells and its conversion to glycogen in the liver and muscles.Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen back to glucose in the liver and muscles.

Question 4

Question 1(d)Distinguish between the following pair on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets.Thyroxine and adrenaline (source)

Accepted Answer

Difference between Thyroxine and Adrenaline on the basis of source:CharacteristicThyroxineAdrenalineSourceThyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland.Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands.

Question 5

Question 1(e)Distinguish between the following pair on the basis of the words indicated in the brackets.Human male and female hormone (one example of each)

Accepted Answer

Difference between Human male and female hormone on the basis of one example of each:CharacteristicHuman male hormoneHuman female hormoneOne exampleA common male hormone is testosterone.An example of a female hormone is estrogen.

Question 6

Question 3Draw neat and labelled diagrams of the thyroid gland showing its :(a) Front view(b) Back view

Accepted Answer

(a) Below labelled diagram shows the front view of the thyroid gland:(b) Below labelled diagram shows the back view of the thyroid gland:

Question 7

Question 4Briefly write about the importance of physical hygiene during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Physical hygiene plays a very important role in maintaining one's own health during adolescence. Following are some important practices for maintaining physical hygiene:Proper and safe food:To support rapid growth and development during adolescence, an adolescent should take a balanced diet including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins. Milk, fruits and fresh vegetables should be part of the regular diet.Avoid stale food and excessive fast food.Perishable food items should be properly stored in refrigerator.Proper lifestyle:Avoid long hours of continuous table work.Avoid watching television and playing computer games for long hours.Avoid smoking and consumption of alcohol and drugs.Cleanliness:Washing hands with soap before and after meals, brushing teeth, taking regular bath, regular toilet habits should be followed.Clothes, especially undergarments should be changed daily. Wearing very tight clothes should be avoided.Eyes should be washed daily with clean and cold water. Rubbing of eyes with hands should be avoided to prevent entry of germs.Lack of cleanliness may lead to bacterial infection. Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of their menstrual cycle.Physical Exercise:All young boys and girls should walk, exercise and play outdoor games regularly.Physical activity is important to combat the stress and strain of adolescence.

Question 8

Question 5Briefly discuss any four activities which can be practiced to overcome stress.

Accepted Answer

Four activities which can be practiced to overcome stress are:Yoga — Yoga is a mind body practice that combines physical poses, controlled breathing and meditation or relaxation. It helps to reduce stress with:Increased flexibility.Increased muscle strength and tone.Improved respiration, energy and vitality.Weight reduction.Improved athletic performance.Exercise — Just 30 to 45 minutes of exercise at least three times a week can make one feel much healthier. Regular exercise can be done by running/jogging, swimming, cricket, football, hockey, etc.Proper sleep schedule — Sound and timely sleep helps one to reduce the level of stress.Reading — It is a great way to calm the mind and to gain knowledge.

Question 9

Question 1(f)Which one of the following endocrine glands produces its hormone in large quantities as a result of emotional stimulation?ThyroidIslets of LangerhansAdrenal medullaAdrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medullaReason — Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (also called epinephrine or emergency hormone). This hormone is secreted when a person is under severe stress (physical or emotional).

Question 10

Question 2In table given below, fill in the blanks by naming endocrine glands, the hormones they secrete, and the function they perform, in a normal person.S.No.Name of the glandHormone producedFunction1.Thyroid..............................2................Insulin...............3...............................Prepares the body for action4................Growth Hormone...............

Accepted Answer

S.NoName of the glandHormone producedFunction1.ThyroidThyroxineControl of metabolic rate2.PancreasInsulinRegulation of sugar in blood.3.Adrenal MedullaAdrenalinePrepares the body for action4.PituitaryGrowth HormoneSpeeds up growth

Endocrine System and Adolescence

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