Question 1

Question 12Draw the structural formula of each of the following :AlkaneAlkeneAlkyne(a) Methane(a) No corresponding alkene(a) No corresponding alkyne(b) Ethane(b) Ethene(b) Ethyne(c) Propane(c) Propene(c) Propyne(d) Butane-chain isomers(i) 1-butane [n-butane](ii) 2-methyl propane [iso-butane](d) Butene-Position isomers(i) 1-butene (ii) 2-butene- Chain isomer(i) 2-methyl prop-1-ene(d) Butyne-Position isomers(i) 1-butyne (ii) 2-butyne(e) Pentane- chain isomers(i) 1-pentane [n-pentane](ii) 2-methyl butane [iso-pentane](iii) 2-2-dimethylpropane [neo-pentane]Pentene- Position isomers(i) 1-pentene(ii) 2-pentene-Chain isomer(i) 2-methyl but-1-ene(ii) 3-methyl but-1-ene(e) Pentyne- Position isomers(i) 1-pentyne(ii) 2-pentyne-Chain isomer3-methyl but-1-yneAlcoholsAldehydesCarboxylic acids(a) Methanol [methyl alcohol](a) Methanal [formaldehyde](a) Methanoic acid [formic acid](b) Ethanol [ethyl alcohol](b) Ethanal [acetaldehyde](b) Ethanoic acid [acetic acid](c) Propanol- Position isomers(i) 1-propanol [n-propylalcohol](ii) 2-propanol [iso-propylalcohol](c) Propanal [propionaldehyde](c) Propanoic acid [propionic acid](d) Butanol- Position isomers(i) 1-butanol(ii) 2-butanol- Chain isomer(i) 2-methyl propan 1 -ol(ii) 2-methyl propan 2 -ol(d) Butanal [butraldehyde](d) Butanoic acid [butyric acid]- Chain isomer(i) 2-methyl propanoic acid [iso-butyriac acid](e) Pentanol-Position isomers(i) 1-pentanol(ii) 2-pentanol(iii) 3-pentanol  KetonesAlkyl HalidesEtherEster(a) Propanone [acetone](a) Monochloro methane [methyl chloride](a) Methoxy methane [dimethyl ether](a) Methyl methanoate [methyl formate](b) 2-Butanone [ethyl methyl ketone](b) Bromoethane [ethyl bromide](b) Methoxy ethane [ethyl methyl ether](b) Methyl ethanoate [methyl acetate](c) 3-Pentanone [diethyl ketone](c) Iodomethane [methyl iodide](c) Ethoxy ethane [diethyl ether](c) Ethyl ethanoate [ethyl acetate]

Accepted Answer

The structural formulae are shown below:Alkane(a) Methane(b) Ethane(c) Propane(d) Butane - Chain isomers(i) 1-butane (n-butane)(ii) 2-methyl propane [iso-butane](e) Pentane - Chain isomers(i) 1-pentane [n-pentane](ii) 2-methyl butane [iso-pentane](iii) 2-2-dimethylpropane [neo-pentane]Alkene(b) Ethene(c) Propene(d) Butene - Position isomers(i) 1-butene(ii) 2-butene(d) Butene - Chain isomers(i) 2-methyl prop-1-ene(e) Pentene - Position isomers(i) 1-pentene(ii) 2-pentene(e) Pentene - Chain isomers(i) 2-methyl but-1-ene(ii) 3-methyl but-1-eneAlkyne(b) Ethyne(c) Propyne(d) Butyne - Position isomers(i) 1-butyneii) 2-butyne(e) Pentyne — Position isomers(i) 1-pentyne(ii) 2-pentyne(e) Pentyne — Chain isomer(i) 3-methyl but-1-yneAlcohol(a) Methanol [methyl alcohol](b) Ethanol [ethyl alcohol](c) Propanol — Position isomers(i) 1-propanol [n-propylalcohol](ii) 2-propanol [iso-propylalcohol](d) Butanol — Position isomers(i) 1-butanol(ii) 2-butanol(d) Butanol — Chain isomers(i) 2-methyl propan-1-ol(ii) 2-methyl propan-2-ol(e) Pentanol — Position isomers(i) 1-pentanol(ii) 2-pentanol(iii) 3-pentanolAldehydes(a) Methanal [formaldehyde](b) Ethanal [acetaldehyde](c) Propanal [propionaldehyde](d) Butanal [butraldehyde]Carboxylic acids(a) Methanoic acid [formic acid](b) Ethanoic acid [acetic acid](c) Propanoic acid [propionic acid](d) Butanoic acid [butyric acid] - Chain isomer(i) 2-methyl propanoic acid [iso-butyriac acid]Ketones(a) Propanone [acetone](b) 2-Butanone [ethyl methyl ketone](c) 3-Pentanone [diethyl ketone]Alkyl Halides(a) Monochloro methane [methyl chloride](b) Bromoethane [ethyl bromide](c) Iodomethane [methyl iodide]Ether(a) Methoxy methane [dimethyl ether](b) Methoxy ethane [ethyl methyl ether](c) Ethoxy ethane [diethyl ether]Ester(a) Methyl methanoate [methyl formate](b) Methyl ethanoate [methyl acetate](c) Ethyl ethanoate [ethyl acetate]

Question 2

Question 14Give balanced equations for the laboratory preparations of - Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols and Acids.Sl.No.Compoundfrom:by/from:(a)Methane [CH4]Sodium ethanoate [sodium acetate]by -decarboxylation(b)Methane [CH4]Iodo methane [methyl iodide]from -an alkylhalide(c)Ethane [C2H6]Sodium propanoate [sodium propionate]by -decarboxylation(d)Ethane [C2H6]Bromo ethane [ethyl bromide]from -alkylhalide(e)Ethene [C2H4]from ethanol [ethyl alcohol]by -dehydration(f)Ethene [C2H4]Bromo ethane [ethyl bromide]by - dehydrohalogenation(g)Ethyne [C2H2]from calcium carbidefrom -a calcium compound(h)Ethyne [C2H2]1,2, dibromoethane [ethylene dibromide]by -dehydrohalogenation(i)Ethanol [C2H5OH]Bromo ethane [ethyl bromide]by - hydrolysis of alkylhalide(j)Ethanol [C2H5OH]Ethene [ethylene]by - hydration of ethene(k)Ethanoic acid [CH3COOH]Ethanol [ethyl alcohol]by - oxidation of alcohol

Accepted Answer

(a) Methane [CH4] by decarboxylation :CH3.COONa sodium acetate+NaOHsodalime→ΔCaOCH4methane+Na2CO3\underset{	ext{ sodium acetate}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{.COONa}} + \underset{	ext{sodalime}}{	ext{NaOH}} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{	ext{CaO}} \underset{	ext{methane}}{	ext{C}	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{Na}_2	ext{CO}_3 sodium acetateCH3​.COONa​+sodalimeNaOH​CaOΔ​methaneCH4​​+Na2​CO3​(b) Methane [CH4] from alkyl halide :CH3I methyl iodide+2[H] nascent hydrogen→alcoholZn/Cu coupleCH4 methane+HI\underset{	ext{ methyl iodide}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{I}} + \underset{ 	ext{ nascent hydrogen}}{2	ext{[H]}} \xrightarrow[	ext{alcohol}]{	ext{Zn/Cu couple}} \underset{ 	ext{ methane}}{	ext{CH}_4} + 	ext{HI} methyl iodideCH3​I​+ nascent hydrogen2[H]​Zn/Cu couplealcohol​ methaneCH4​​+HI(c) Ethane [C2H6] by decarboxylation :C2H5COONasodium propionate+NaOHsodalime→ΔCaOC2H6ethane+Na2CO3\underset{	ext{sodium propionate}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{COONa}} + \underset{	ext{sodalime}}{	ext{NaOH}} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{	ext{CaO}} \underset{	ext{ethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_6} + 	ext{Na}_2	ext{CO}_3sodium propionateC2​H5​COONa​+sodalimeNaOH​CaOΔ​ethaneC2​H6​​+Na2​CO3​(d) Ethane [C2H6] from alkylhalide :C2H5Brethylbromide+2[H]nascent hydrogen→alcoholZn/Cu coupleC2H6ethane+HBr\underset{	ext{ethylbromide}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{Br}} + \underset{	ext{nascent hydrogen}}{2	ext{[H]}} \xrightarrow[	ext{alcohol}]{	ext{Zn/Cu couple}} \underset{	ext{ethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_6} +	ext{HBr}ethylbromideC2​H5​Br​+nascent hydrogen2[H]​Zn/Cu couplealcohol​ethaneC2​H6​​+HBr(e) Ethene [C2H4] by dehydration :C2H5OH ethyl alcohol→170°CConc. H2SO4[excess]C2H4ethene+H2O \underset{	ext{ ethyl alcohol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} \xrightarrow[170\degree	ext{C}]{	ext{Conc. H}_2	ext{SO}_4	ext{[excess]}} \underset{ 	ext{ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}\ ethyl alcoholC2​H5​OH​Conc. H2​SO4​[excess]170°C​etheneC2​H4​​+H2​O (f) Ethene [C2H4] by dehydrohalogenation :C2H5-Br Bromoethane+KOHalcoholic→boilC2H4 ethene+KBr+H2O\underset{	ext{ Bromoethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{-Br}} + \underset{	ext{alcoholic}}{	ext{KOH}} \xrightarrow{	ext{boil}} \underset{ 	ext{ ethene} } {	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{KBr} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} BromoethaneC2​H5​-Br​+alcoholicKOH​boil​ etheneC2​H4​​+KBr+H2​O(g) Ethyne [C2H2] from Calcium Carbide :CaC2calcium carbide+2H2Owater⟶C2H2ethyne+Ca(OH)2\underset{	ext{calcium carbide}}{	ext{CaC}_2} + \underset{	ext{water}}{2	ext{H}_2	ext{O}} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{ethyne}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_2} + 	ext{Ca(OH)}_2calcium carbideCaC2​​+water2H2​O​⟶ethyneC2​H2​​+Ca(OH)2​(h) Ethyne [C2H2] from 1,2, dibromoethane [ethylene dibromide] by -dehydrohalogenation :(i) Ethanol [C2H5OH] by hydrolysis of alkylhalide:C2H5-Br Bromo Ethane+KOHaqueous→boilC2H5OH ethanol+KBr\underset{	ext{ Bromo Ethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{-Br}} + \underset{	ext{aqueous}}{	ext{KOH}} \xrightarrow{	ext{boil}} \underset{ 	ext{ ethanol}} {	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} + 	ext{KBr} Bromo EthaneC2​H5​-Br​+aqueousKOH​boil​ ethanolC2​H5​OH​+KBr(j) Ethanol [C2H5OH] by hydration of ethene:C2H4Ethene+H2SO4[conc.]→30 atmos.80°CC2H5-HSO4Ethyl hydrogen sulphate\underset{	ext{Ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + \underset{	ext{[conc.]}}{	ext{H}_2	ext{SO}_4} \xrightarrow[30 	ext{ atmos.}]{80\degree 	ext{C}} \underset{	ext{Ethyl hydrogen sulphate}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{-HSO}_4}EtheneC2​H4​​+[conc.]H2​SO4​​80°C30 atmos.​Ethyl hydrogen sulphateC2​H5​-HSO4​​C2H5-HSO4Ethyl hydrogen sulphate+H2O[steam]⟶C2H5OH ethanol+H2SO4\underset{	ext{Ethyl hydrogen sulphate}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{-HSO}_4} + \underset{	ext{[steam]}}{	ext{H}_2	ext{O}} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{ ethanol} }{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{SO}_4Ethyl hydrogen sulphateC2​H5​-HSO4​​+[steam]H2​O​⟶ ethanolC2​H5​OH​+H2​SO4​[C2H4Ethene+H2O steam→acidH+C2H5OH ethanol]\bigg[\underset{	ext{Ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + \underset{	ext{ steam} }{	ext{H}_2	ext{O}} \xrightarrow[	ext{acid}]{	ext{H}^	ext{+}} \underset{	ext{ ethanol} }{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}}\bigg][EtheneC2​H4​​+ steamH2​O​H+acid​ ethanolC2​H5​OH​](k) Ethanoic acid [CH3COOH] by oxidation of alcohol :C2H5OH Ethanol+[O]→acidifiedK2Cr2O7CH3CHO[Acetaldehyde]+H2O\underset{	ext{ Ethanol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} +[	ext{O}]\xrightarrow[	ext{acidified}]{	ext{K}_2	ext{Cr}_2	ext{O}_7} \underset{	ext{[Acetaldehyde]} }{	ext{CH}_3	ext{CHO}} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} EthanolC2​H5​OH​+[O]K2​Cr2​O7​acidified​[Acetaldehyde]CH3​CHO​+H2​OCH3CHO[Acetaldehyde]+[O]→acidifiedK2Cr2O7CH3COOH[Acetic acid]\underset{	ext{[Acetaldehyde]} }{	ext{CH}_3	ext{CHO}} +[	ext{O}]\xrightarrow[	ext{acidified}]{	ext{K}_2	ext{Cr}_2	ext{O}_7} \underset{	ext{[Acetic acid]} }{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}}[Acetaldehyde]CH3​CHO​+[O]K2​Cr2​O7​acidified​[Acetic acid]CH3​COOH​

Question 3

Question 15.1Give equations for the conversions of – Methane, Ethane:Methane toEthane to  (a) Carbon tetrachloride(a) Hexachloro ethaneby - Substitution [diffused sunlight](b) Carbon dioxide(b) Carbon dioxideby - Oxidation - Complete(c) MethanoltoMethanaltoMethanoic acidEthanoltoEthanaltoEthanoic acidby - Oxidation(i) catalytic using - catalyst copper [Cu](ii) Controlled using acidified K2Cr2O7(d) MethnalEthanalby- Oxidation - Catalytic - using catalyst MoO(e) EthyneEtheneby - Pyrolysis [dehydrogenation]

Accepted Answer

(a) Conversion of Methane to Carbon tetrachloride by substitution [diffused sunlight]:CH4 methane+4Cl2→Δdiffused sunlightCCl4Carbon tetrachloride+4HCl\underset{\text{ methane} }{\text{CH}_4} + 4\text{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{diffused sunlight}} \underset{\text{Carbon tetrachloride}}{\text{CCl}_4} + 4\text{HCl} methaneCH4​​+4Cl2​diffused sunlightΔ​Carbon tetrachlorideCCl4​​+4HCl(b) Conversion of Methane to Carbon dioxide by complete oxidation:CH4 methane+2O2[excess]⟶CO2+2H2O+Δ\underset{\text{ methane} }{\text{CH}_4} + 2\text{O}_2\text{[excess]} \longrightarrow \text{CO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} + \Delta methaneCH4​​+2O2​[excess]⟶CO2​+2H2​O+Δ(c)(i) Conversion of Methane to Methanol to Methanal to Methanoic acid by catalytic oxidation using catalyst copper [Cu]:2CH4 methane+O2→200°CCu tube2CH3OHmethanol2CH3OHmethanol+O2→catalystCu2HCHOmethanal+2H2O2HCHOmethanal+O2→catalystCu2H-COOHmethanoic acid\underset{\text{ methane}}{2\text{CH}_4} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[200 \text{\degree C}]{\text{Cu tube}} \underset{\text{methanol}}{2\text{CH}_3\text{OH}} \[1em] \underset{\text{methanol}}{2\text{CH}_3\text{OH}} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{\text{methanal} }{\text{2HCHO}} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \[1em] \underset{\text{methanal} }{\text{2HCHO}} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{\text{methanoic acid} }{\text{2H-COOH}} methane2CH4​​+O2​Cu tube200°C​methanol2CH3​OH​methanol2CH3​OH​+O2​Cucatalyst​methanal2HCHO​+2H2​Omethanal2HCHO​+O2​Cucatalyst​methanoic acid2H-COOH​(c)(ii) Conversion of Methane to Methanol to Methanal to Methanoic acid by controlled slow oxidation using acidified K2Cr2O7:CH4 Methane→K2Cr2O7[O]CH3OH methanol→K2Cr2O7[O]HCHO methanal→K2Cr2O7[O]HCOOHmethanoic acid\underset{\text{ Methane} }{\text{CH}_4} \xrightarrow[\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{ methanol}}{\text{CH}_3\text{OH}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text { methanal}}{\text{HCHO}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{methanoic acid} }{\text{HCOOH}} MethaneCH4​​[O]K2​Cr2​O7​​ methanolCH3​OH​[O]K2​Cr2​O7​​ methanalHCHO​[O]K2​Cr2​O7​​methanoic acidHCOOH​(d) Conversion of Methane to Methanal by catalytic oxidation using catalyst MoO:CH4 methane+O2→350−500°CMoOHCHOmethanal+H2O\underset{\text{ methane}}{\text{CH}_4} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[350 - 500 \text{\degree C}]{\text{MoO}} \underset{\text{methanal} }{\text{HCHO}} + \text{H}_2\text{O} methaneCH4​​+O2​MoO350−500°C​methanalHCHO​+H2​O(e) Conversion of Methane to Ethyne by Pyrolysis [dehydrogenation]:2CH4 methane→1500°CC2H2ethyne+3H2\underset{\text{ methane}}{2\text{CH}_4} \xrightarrow{1500 \degree \text{C}} \underset{\text{ethyne} }{\text{C}_2\text{H}_2} + 3\text{H}_2 methane2CH4​​1500°C​ethyneC2​H2​​+3H2​(a) Conversion of Ethane to Hexachloro ethane by substitution [diffused sunlight]:C2H6 ethane+Cl2→diffused sunlightΔC2H5Clmonochloroethane+HCl\underset{\text{ ethane} }{\text{C}_2\text{H}_6} + \text{Cl}_2 \underset{\Delta}{\xrightarrow{\text{diffused sunlight}}} \underset{\text{monochloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}}+ \text{HCl} ethaneC2​H6​​+Cl2​Δdiffused sunlight​​monochloroethaneC2​H5​Cl​+HClC2H5Clmonochloroethane+Cl2[excess]⟶C2H4Cl2dichloroethane+HCl\underset{\text{monochloroethane} }{\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}} + \underset{\text{[excess]}}{\text{Cl}_2} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{dichloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_4\text{Cl}_2}+ \text{HCl}monochloroethaneC2​H5​Cl​+[excess]Cl2​​⟶dichloroethaneC2​H4​Cl2​​+HClC2H4Cl2dichloroethane+Cl2⟶C2H3Cl3trichloroethane+HCl\underset{\text{dichloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_4\text{Cl}_2} + \text{Cl}_2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{trichloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{Cl}_3}+ \text{HCl}dichloroethaneC2​H4​Cl2​​+Cl2​⟶trichloroethaneC2​H3​Cl3​​+HClC2H3Cl3trichloroethane+Cl2⟶C2H2Cl4tetrachloroethane+HCl\underset{\text{trichloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{Cl}_3} + \text{Cl}_2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{tetrachloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_2\text{Cl}_4}+ \text{HCl}trichloroethaneC2​H3​Cl3​​+Cl2​⟶tetrachloroethaneC2​H2​Cl4​​+HClC2H2Cl4tetrachloroethane+Cl2⟶C2HCl5pentachloroethane+HCl\underset{\text{tetrachloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_2\text{Cl}_4} + \text{Cl}_2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{pentachloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}\text{Cl}_5}+ \text{HCl}tetrachloroethaneC2​H2​Cl4​​+Cl2​⟶pentachloroethaneC2​HCl5​​+HClC2HCl5pentachloroethane+Cl2⟶C2Cl6hexachloroethane+HCl\underset{\text{pentachloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}\text{Cl}_5} + \text{Cl}_2 \longrightarrow \underset{\text{hexachloroethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{Cl}_6}+ \text{HCl}pentachloroethaneC2​HCl5​​+Cl2​⟶hexachloroethaneC2​Cl6​​+HCl(b) Conversion of Ethane to Carbon dioxide by complete oxidation:2C2H6 ethane+7O2[excess]⟶4CO2+6H2O+Δ\underset{\text{ ethane}}{2\text{C}_2\text{H}_6} + 7\text{O}_2\text{[excess]} \longrightarrow \text{4CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \Delta ethane2C2​H6​​+7O2​[excess]⟶4CO2​+6H2​O+Δ(c)(i) Conversion of Ethane to Ethanol to Ethanal to Ethanoic acid by catalytic oxidation using catalyst copper [Cu]:2C2H6 ethane+O2→200°CCu tube2C2H5OHethanol2C2H5OHethanol+O2→catalystCu2CH3CHOethanal+2H2O2CH3CHOethanal+O2→catalystCu2CH3COOHethanoic acid\underset{\text{ ethane}}{2\text{C}_2\text{H}_6} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[200 \text{\degree C}]{\text{Cu tube}} \underset{\text{ethanol}}{2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}} \[1em] \underset{\text{ethanol}}{2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{\text{ethanal}}{2\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \[1em] \underset{\text{ethanal}}{2\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst}]{\text{Cu}} \underset{ \text{ethanoic acid} }{2\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} ethane2C2​H6​​+O2​Cu tube200°C​ethanol2C2​H5​OH​ethanol2C2​H5​OH​+O2​Cucatalyst​ethanal2CH3​CHO​+2H2​Oethanal2CH3​CHO​+O2​Cucatalyst​ethanoic acid2CH3​COOH​(c)(ii) Conversion of Ethane to Ethanol to Ethanal to Ethanoic acid by controlled slow oxidation using acidified K2Cr2O7:C2H6 Ethane→K2Cr2O7[O]C2H5OHethanol→K2Cr2O7[O]CH3CHOethanal→K2Cr2O7[O]CH3COOHethanoic acid\underset{\text{ Ethane} }{\text{C}_2\text{H}_6} \xrightarrow[\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{ \text{ethanol}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{ethanal}}{\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}} \xrightarrow[\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7]{\text{[O]}} \underset{\text{ethanoic acid}}{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} EthaneC2​H6​​[O]K2​Cr2​O7​​ethanolC2​H5​OH​[O]K2​Cr2​O7​​ethanalCH3​CHO​[O]K2​Cr2​O7​​ethanoic acidCH3​COOH​(d) Conversion of Ethane to Ethanal by catalytic oxidation using catalyst MoO:C2H6 ethane+O2→350−500°CMoOCH3CHOethanal+H2O\underset{\text{ ethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_6} + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow[350 - 500 \text{\degree C}]{\text{MoO}} \underset{\text{ethanal} }{\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}} + \text{H}_2\text{O} ethaneC2​H6​​+O2​MoO350−500°C​ethanalCH3​CHO​+H2​O(e) Conversion of Ethane to Ethene by Pyrolysis [dehydrogenation]:C2H6 ethane→catalyst [Al2O3]500°CC2H4ethene+H2\underset{\text{ ethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_6} \xrightarrow[\text{catalyst [Al}_2\text{O}_3\text{]}]{500 \degree \text{C}} \underset{\text{ethene}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_4} + \text{H}_2 ethaneC2​H6​​500°Ccatalyst [Al2​O3​]​etheneC2​H4​​+H2​

Question 4

Question 15.2Give equations for the conversions of – Ethene, Ethyne to:EtheneEthyne  (a) Ethane(a) Ethane [2 steps ]by - Catalytic hydrogenation - H2(b) 1,2 dichloroethane(b) 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane [2 steps]by- Halogenation - Cl2(c) 1,2 dibromoethane(c) 1,1,2,2 tetrabromoethane [2 steps]- Br2(d) 1,2 diiodoethane(d) 1,2 diiodoethene- I2(e) Bromoethane/Chloroethane(e) 1,1 -dibromo & 1,1-dichloroethaneby- Halogen acids - HBr/HClby - Polymerization(f) Polyethylene(f) Copper or silver Acetylideby Ammoniacal - CuCl/AgNO3

Accepted Answer

(a) Conversion of Ethene to Ethane by Catalytic hydrogenation (H2):C2H4 ethene+H2→300°CNickleC2H6ethane\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{H}_2 \xrightarrow[300\degree	ext{C}]{	ext{Nickle}} \underset{	ext{ethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_6} etheneC2​H4​​+H2​Nickle300°C​ethaneC2​H6​​(b) Conversion of Ethene to 1,2 dichloroethane by Halogenation (Cl2):(c) Conversion of Ethene to 1,2 dibromoethane by Halogenation (Br2):(d) Conversion of Ethene to 1,2 diiodoethane by Halogenation (I2):C2H4 ethene+I2→[inert solvent]CCl4C2H4I21,2, di iodoethane\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{I}_2 \xrightarrow[	ext{[inert solvent]}]{	ext{CCl}_4} \underset{	ext{1,2, di iodoethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4	ext{I}_2} etheneC2​H4​​+I2​CCl4​[inert solvent]​1,2, di iodoethaneC2​H4​I2​​(e)(i) Conversion of Ethene to Bromoethane by Halogen acids (HBr):C2H4 ethene+HBr⟶CH3CH2BrBromoethane\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{HBr} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{Bromoethane}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{CH}_2	ext{Br}} etheneC2​H4​​+HBr⟶BromoethaneCH3​CH2​Br​(e)(ii) Conversion of Ethene to Chloroethane by Halogen acids (HCl):C2H4ethene+HCl⟶CH3CH2ClChloroethane\underset{	ext{ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{HCl} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{Chloroethane}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{CH}_2	ext{Cl}}etheneC2​H4​​+HCl⟶ChloroethaneCH3​CH2​Cl​(f) Conversion of Ethene to Polyethylene by Polymerization:Ethene polymerises to produce polythenen H2C = CH2ethene→high pressure catalysthigh temperature[H2C—CH2]n(Polythene)\underset{	ext{ethene}}{	ext{n H}_2	ext{C = C}	ext{H}_2} \xrightarrow[	ext{high pressure catalyst}]{	ext{high temperature}} \underset{	ext{(Polythene)}}{\Big[	ext{H}_2	ext{C—C}	ext{H}_2\Big]_	ext{n}}ethenen H2​C = CH2​​high temperaturehigh pressure catalyst​(Polythene)[H2​C—CH2​]n​​(a) Conversion of Ethyne to Ethane [2 steps] by Catalytic hydrogenation (H2):(b) Conversion of Ethyne to 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane [2 steps] by Halogenation (Cl2):(c) Conversion of Ethyne to 1,1,2,2 tetrabromoethane [2 steps] by Halogenation (Br2):(d) Conversion of Ethyne to 1,2 diiodoethene by Halogenation (I2):HC ≡ CH ethyne+I2→alcoholH — CI∣=CI∣ — H1,2 di iodoethene\underset{	ext{ ethyne}}{	ext{HC ≡ CH}} + 	ext{I}_2 \xrightarrow{	ext{alcohol}} \underset{	ext{1,2 di iodoethene}}{	ext{H — } \overset{\underset{
ormalsize{|}}{
ormalsize{I}}}{	ext{C}} = \overset{\underset{
ormalsize{|}}{
ormalsize{I}}}{	ext{C}} 	ext{ — H}} ethyneHC ≡ CH​+I2​alcohol​1,2 di iodoetheneH — C∣I​=C∣I​ — H​(e)(i) Conversion of Ethyne to 1,1 dibromo ethane by Halogen acids (HBr):(e)(ii) Conversion of Ethyne to 1,1 dichloro ethane by Halogen acids (HCl):(f)(i) Conversion of Ethyne to Copper Acetylide by Ammoniacal Cuprous Chloride:HC ≡ CH ethyne+2CuCl+2NH4OH⟶Cu-C ≡ C-CuCopper Acetylide+2NH4Cl+2H2O\underset{	ext{ ethyne}}{	ext{HC ≡ CH}} + 2	ext{CuCl} + 2	ext{NH}_4	ext{OH} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{Copper Acetylide}}{	ext{Cu-C ≡ C-Cu}} + 2	ext{NH}_4	ext{Cl} + 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ethyneHC ≡ CH​+2CuCl+2NH4​OH⟶Copper AcetylideCu-C ≡ C-Cu​+2NH4​Cl+2H2​O(f)(ii) Conversion of Ethyne to Silver Acetylide by Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate:HC ≡ CH ethyne+2AgNO3+2NH4OH⟶Ag-C ≡ C-AgSilver Acetylide+2NH4NO3+2H2O\underset{	ext{ ethyne}}{	ext{HC ≡ CH}} + 2	ext{AgNO}_3 + 2	ext{NH}_4	ext{OH} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{Silver Acetylide}}{	ext{Ag-C ≡ C-Ag}} + 2	ext{NH}_4	ext{NO}_3 + 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ethyneHC ≡ CH​+2AgNO3​+2NH4​OH⟶Silver AcetylideAg-C ≡ C-Ag​+2NH4​NO3​+2H2​O

Question 5

Question 15.3Give equations for the conversions of – Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid to:Ethanol [ethyl alcohol]Ethanoic Acid [acetic acid](a) Carbon dioxide - by burning(a) Sodium acetate - using alkali - NaOH(b) EthanaltoEthanoic acid - by oxidation using acidified K2Cr2O7(b) Calcium acetate - using alkali - Ca(OH)2(c) Sodium ethaoxide - using - sodium(c) Ammonium acetate - using alkali - NH4OH(d) Ethyl ethanoate - using - ethanoic acid and conc. H2SO4(d) Ethyl ethanoate -using - ethanol and conc. H2SO4 [ethyl acetate](e) Ethene - using conc. H2SO4 at 170 °C

Accepted Answer

(a) Conversion of Ethanol to Carbon dioxide by burning:C2H5OH ethanol+3O2⟶2CO2+3H2O\underset{ 	ext{ ethanol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} + 3	ext{O}_2 \longrightarrow 2	ext{CO}_2 + 3	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ethanolC2​H5​OH​+3O2​⟶2CO2​+3H2​O(b) Conversion of Ethanol to Ethanal to Ethanoic acid by oxidation using acidified K2Cr2O7:C2H5OHethanol→K2Cr2O7[acidified][O]CH3CHOethanal→K2Cr2O7[acidified][O]CH3COOHethanoic acid\underset{ 	ext{ethanol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} \xrightarrow[\underset{	ext{[acidified]}}{	ext{K}_2	ext{Cr}_2	ext{O}_7}]{	ext{[O]}} \underset{	ext{ethanal}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{CHO}} \xrightarrow[\underset{	ext{[acidified]}}{	ext{K}_2	ext{Cr}_2	ext{O}_7}]{	ext{[O]}} \underset{ 	ext{ethanoic acid} }{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}}ethanolC2​H5​OH​[O][acidified]K2​Cr2​O7​​​ethanalCH3​CHO​[O][acidified]K2​Cr2​O7​​​ethanoic acidCH3​COOH​(c) Conversion of Ethanol to Sodium ethoxide using sodium:2C2H5OHethanol+2Na⟶2C2H5ONasodium ethoxide+H2\underset{	ext{ethanol} }{2	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} + 2	ext{Na} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{sodium ethoxide} }{2	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{ONa}} + 	ext{H}_2ethanol2C2​H5​OH​+2Na⟶sodium ethoxide2C2​H5​ONa​+H2​(d) Conversion of Ethanol to Ethyl ethanoate using ethanoic acid and conc. H2SO4:C2H5OHethanol+CH3COOHethanoic acid→Conc. H2SO4CH3−COO−C2H5ethyl ethanoate+H2O\underset{	ext{ethanol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} + \underset{	ext{ethanoic acid}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}} \xrightarrow{	ext{Conc. H}_2	ext{SO}_4} \underset{	ext{ethyl ethanoate}}{	ext{CH}_3-	ext{COO}-	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}ethanolC2​H5​OH​+ethanoic acidCH3​COOH​Conc. H2​SO4​​ethyl ethanoateCH3​−COO−C2​H5​​+H2​O(e) Conversion of Ethanol to Ethene using conc. H2SO4 at 170°C:C2H5OHethanol→170°CConc. H2SO4[excess]C2H4ethene+H2O \underset{	ext{ethanol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} \xrightarrow[170\degree	ext{C}]{\underset{	ext{[excess]}}{	ext{Conc. H}_2	ext{SO}_4}} \underset{ 	ext{ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}\ethanolC2​H5​OH​[excess]Conc. H2​SO4​​170°C​etheneC2​H4​​+H2​O (a) Conversion of Ethanoic acid [acetic acid] to Sodium acetate using alkali - NaOH:CH3COOHAcetic acid+NaOH⟶CH3COONaSodium Acetate+H2O\underset{	ext{Acetic acid}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}} + 	ext{NaOH} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{Sodium Acetate}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COONa}} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}Acetic acidCH3​COOH​+NaOH⟶Sodium AcetateCH3​COONa​+H2​O(b) Conversion of Ethanoic acid [acetic acid] to Calcium acetate using alkali - Ca(OH)2:2CH3COOHAcetic acid+2Ca(OH)2⟶(CH3COO)2CaCalcium Acetate+2H2O2\underset{	ext{Acetic acid}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}} + 2	ext{Ca(OH)}_2 \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{Calcium Acetate}}{	ext{(CH}_3	ext{COO)}_2	ext{Ca}} + 2	ext{H}_2	ext{O}2Acetic acidCH3​COOH​+2Ca(OH)2​⟶Calcium Acetate(CH3​COO)2​Ca​+2H2​O(c) Conversion of Ethanoic acid [acetic acid] to Ammonium acetate using alkali - NH4OH:CH3COOHAcetic acid+NH4OH⟶CH3COONH4Ammonium acetate+H2O \underset{	ext{Acetic acid}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}} + 	ext{NH}_4	ext{OH}\longrightarrow \underset{ 	ext{Ammonium acetate}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COONH}_4} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}\Acetic acidCH3​COOH​+NH4​OH⟶Ammonium acetateCH3​COONH4​​+H2​O (d) Conversion of Ethanoic acid [acetic acid] to Ethyl ethanoate [ethyl acetate] using ethanol and conc. H2SO4:C2H5OHEthanol+CH3COOHAcetic acid→Conc. H2SO4CH3−COO−C2H5Ethyl Ethanoate+H2O\underset{	ext{Ethanol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} + \underset{	ext{Acetic acid}}{	ext{CH}_3	ext{COOH}} \xrightarrow{	ext{Conc. H}_2	ext{SO}_4} \underset{	ext{Ethyl Ethanoate}}{	ext{CH}_3-	ext{COO}-	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}EthanolC2​H5​OH​+Acetic acidCH3​COOH​Conc. H2​SO4​​Ethyl EthanoateCH3​−COO−C2​H5​​+H2​O

Question 6

Question 17Explain the terms –(i) Denaturated alcohol(i) Glacial acetic acid(iii) Esterification

Accepted Answer

(i) Ethyl alcohol containing pyridine or copper sulphate is termed denaturated alcohol. It is used for industrial applications only and hence made undrinkable.(ii) Anhydrous acetic acid on cooling below 16.5°C, crystallizes out in the pure form, forming a crystalline mass resembling ice [m.p. around 17°C] . Hence, pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid.(iii) Esterification is the chemical process of heating carboxylic acids with alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce esters.

Question 7

Question 18(i)Give a chemical test to distinguish between Ethane, ethene and ethyne.

Accepted Answer

Chemical tests to distinguish between Ethane, Ethene and Ethyne:Sl.No.TestEthaneEtheneEthyne1.On adding a few drops of bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to the hydrocarbonNo change is observed.The reddish brown colour of bromine solution get decolourised.The reddish brown colour of bromine solution get decolourised.2.On adding a few drops of ammoniacal cuprous chloride (CuCl2) to the hydrocarbonNo change is observed.No change is observed.Red precipitate of copper acetylide is formed.

Question 8

Question 6(a) Ethene when reacts with halogens (chlorine and bromine) form saturated products. Name them and write balanced equations.(b) Give the conditions and the main product formed by hydrogenation of ethene.

Accepted Answer

(a)C2H4 ethene+Cl2→[inert solvent]CCl4C2H4Cl21,2, dichloroethane [ethylene chloride]\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{Cl}_2 \xrightarrow[	ext{[inert solvent]}]{	ext{CCl}_4} \underset{	ext{1,2, dichloroethane [ethylene chloride]}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4	ext{Cl}_2} etheneC2​H4​​+Cl2​CCl4​[inert solvent]​1,2, dichloroethane [ethylene chloride]C2​H4​Cl2​​Product formed is 1,2, dichloroethane [ethylene chloride]C2H4 ethene+Br2→[inert solvent]CCl4C2H4Br21,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide]\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{Br}_2 \xrightarrow[	ext{[inert solvent]}]{	ext{CCl}_4} \underset{	ext{1,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide]}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4	ext{Br}_2} etheneC2​H4​​+Br2​CCl4​[inert solvent]​1,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide]C2​H4​Br2​​Product formed is 1,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide](b) Conditions for hydrogenation of ethene : finely divided catalyst, such as platinum or palladium at ordinary temperature or nickel at 200°C. Main product formed is ethane.C2H4 ethene+H2→200°CNickleC2H6ethane\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{H}_2 \xrightarrow[200\degree	ext{C}]{	ext{Nickle}} \underset{	ext{ethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_6} etheneC2​H4​​+H2​Nickle200°C​ethaneC2​H6​​

Question 9

Question 7Convert ethanol into ethene using:(a) solid dehydrating agent(b) hot conc. H2SO4?Give only balanced equations.

Accepted Answer

(a) Using Al2O3 as dehydrating agent.C2H5OH ethyl alcohol→350°CAl2O3C2H4ethene+H2O \underset{	ext{ ethyl alcohol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} \xrightarrow[350\degree	ext{C}]{	ext{Al}_2	ext{O}_3} \underset{ 	ext{ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}\ ethyl alcoholC2​H5​OH​Al2​O3​350°C​etheneC2​H4​​+H2​O (b) Using hot conc. H2SO4C2H5OH ethyl alcohol→170°CConc. H2SO4[excess]C2H4ethene+H2O \underset{	ext{ ethyl alcohol}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{OH}} \xrightarrow[170\degree	ext{C}]{	ext{Conc. H}_2	ext{SO}_4	ext{[excess]}} \underset{ 	ext{ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}\ ethyl alcoholC2​H5​OH​Conc. H2​SO4​[excess]170°C​etheneC2​H4​​+H2​O

Question 10

Question 9How would you convert:(a) ethyl bromide into ethene(b) ethene into 1,2-dibromoethane(c) ethene into ethane

Accepted Answer

(a) ethyl bromide into ethene : DehydrohalogenationC2H5Br Bromo ethane [ethyl bromide]+KOHalcoholic, hot and conc.⟶C2H4ethene [ethylene]+KBr+H2O\underset{	ext{ Bromo ethane [ethyl bromide]}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_5	ext{Br}} + \underset{	ext{alcoholic, hot and conc.}}{	ext{KOH}} \longrightarrow \underset{	ext{ethene [ethylene]}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{KBr} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} Bromo ethane [ethyl bromide]C2​H5​Br​+alcoholic, hot and conc.KOH​⟶ethene [ethylene]C2​H4​​+KBr+H2​O(b) ethene into 1,2-dibromoethane : HalogenationC2H4 ethene+Br2→[inert solvent]CCl4C2H4Br21,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide]\underset{	ext{ ethene}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4} + 	ext{Br}_2 \xrightarrow[	ext{[inert solvent]}]{	ext{CCl}_4} \underset{	ext{1,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide]}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_4	ext{Br}_2} etheneC2​H4​​+Br2​CCl4​[inert solvent]​1,2, dibromooethane [ethylene bromide]C2​H4​Br2​​(c) ethene into ethane : HydrogenationH2C=CH2 ethene [ethylene]+H2→200°CNickleC2H6ethane\underset{	ext{ ethene [ethylene]}}{	ext{H}_2	ext{C}=	ext{C}	ext{H}_2} + 	ext{H}_2 \xrightarrow[200\degree	ext{C}]{	ext{Nickle}} \underset{	ext{ethane}}{	ext{C}_2	ext{H}_6} ethene [ethylene]H2​C=CH2​​+H2​Nickle200°C​ethaneC2​H6​​

Question 11

Question 2(b)Write the structure of 2,3-dimethyl butane

Accepted Answer

2,3-dimethylbutane

Question 12

Question 2(d)Write the structure of 3-hexene

Accepted Answer

3-hexene

Question 13

Question 2(g)Draw the structure of Alcohol with molecular formula C4H10O

Accepted Answer

Alcohol with molecular formula C4H10O

Question 14

Question 3(b)Choose the correct answer:A hydrocarbon of the general formula CnH2n isC15H30C12H26C8H20C6H14

Accepted Answer

C15H30Reason — According to the formula CnH2n, hydrogen is double of carbon, hence, C15H30 follows the formula CnH2n

Question 15

Question 3(e)The IUPAC name of the compound is :3-trimethylhexane3-methyl hexane4-methyl hexane

Accepted Answer

3-methylhexaneReason — As one methyl group is attached at the third carbon and the longest chain is of 6 carbon atoms, hence, the name is 3-methylhexane

Question 16

Question 4Fill in the blanks.(a) Propane and ethane are ............... (homologous, isomers)(b) A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an ............... reaction (substitution, addition)(c) Succeeding members of a homologous series differ by ............... (CH, CH2, CH3)(d) As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points ............... and melting points ............... (increase, decrease)(e) C25H52 and C50H102 belong to ............... homologous series (the same, different)(f) CO is an ............... compound. (organic, inorganic)(g) The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ............... and the physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the ............... (functional group, number of carbon atoms)(h) CHO is the functional group of an ............... (alcohol, aldehyde)(i) The root in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon atoms in ............... (any chain, principal chain)(j) But-1-ene and but-2-ene are examples of ............... isomerism (chain, position, functional)

Accepted Answer

(a) Propane and ethane are homologous.(b) A saturated hydrocarbon does not participate in a/an addition reaction.(c) Succeeding members of homologous series differ by CH2.(d) As the molecular masses of hydrocarbons increase, their boiling points increase and melting points increase.(e) C25H52 and C50H102 belong to the same homologous series(f) CO is an inorganic compound.(g) The chemical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the functional group and the physical properties of an organic compound are largely decided by the number of carbon atom.(h) CHO is the functional group of an aldehyde.(i) The root in the IUPAC name of an organic compound depends upon the number of carbon atoms in principal chain.(j) But-1-ene and but-2-ene are examples of position isomerism.

Question 17

Question 5Define or explain chain isomerism and position isomerism with examples in each case.

Accepted Answer

Chain isomerism — When two or more compounds have a similar molecular formula but are different in the arrangement of carbon atoms in straight or branched chains the compounds are referred as chain isomers.Example: Pentane C5H12Pentane [n-pentane]2-Methyl butane [iso-pentane]2,2 Dimethyl Propane [neo-pentane]Position isomers — When two or more compounds with the same molecular formula differ in the position of substituent atom or functional group on the carbon atom, they are called position isomers.Example : But-1-yne and But-2-yneBut-1-yneBut-2-yne

Question 18

Question 6(b)Draw the chain isomers of hexane (C6H14).

Accepted Answer

The chain isomers of hexane are shown below:n-hexane2 Methylpentane3 Methylpentane2,3 Dimethylbutane2,2 Dimethylbutane

Question 19

Question 7Draw structural formula for each of the following compounds:(a) isomer of n-butane(b) Vinegar(c) 2-Propanol(d) Ethanal(e) Acetone(f) Diethyl ether(g) propanoic acid(h) pentan-2-ol(i) 2,2-dibromobutaneWhat is used to describe these compounds together?

Accepted Answer

(a) isomer of n-butane is Isobutane. Its structural formula is shown below:Isobutane(b) Vinegar (acetic acid)(c) 2-Propanol(d) Ethanal(e) Acetone(f) Diethyl etherThese compounds together can be called organic compounds.(g) Propanoic acid(h) Pentan-2-ol(i) 2,2 dibromo butane

Question 20

Question 9Which type of reaction will (i) ethane and (ii) ethene undergoe?

Accepted Answer

(i) Ethane will undergo Substitution reactions.Reason — In case of ethane, all of its 4 valencies are satisfied by hydrogen atoms forming single bond and so they are less reactive and undergo substitution reaction only.(ii) Ethene will undergo Addition reactions.Reason — In case of ethene, the valencies of atleast 2 carbon atoms are not fully satisfied by hydrogen atoms. The availability of electrons in the double bond makes them more reactive and hence they undergo addition reactions only.

Organic Chemistry

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